Q1:This book is easy to understand / to be understood(这本书不难明白)这一句,应用to understand还是to be understood?
A1:答案是tounderstand。
英文有些句子,其主词(subject)其实是动词的受词(object)例如:
(1)He is difficult to please(要他高兴很不容易)。
(2)The sight was terrible to see(那情景怵目惊心)。
(3)The beef was not safe to eat(吃这牛肉并不安全)。
这些句子不用被动语态(passive voice)。上述句式,「to+原形动词(infinitive)」之前要用形容词,而那形容词一般是指难易、好坏或安危,例如easy、difficult、hard、impossible;great、good、nice、pleasant、lovely、terrible、horrible、awful、dreadful;safe、dangerous等。当然,字的用法约定俗成,很难有毫无例外的法则。比如你可以说That goal is impossible to achieve(那目标没有可能实现),可possible却不可用这句式,只能说It is possible / impossible to achieve that goal。
Q2:「火燃烧了多久?」的英文说法是How long did the fire last?还是How long did the fire last for?
A2:Last作动词解作「持续」,其后可用for带出持续的时间,但不用for而迳言时间也可以,例如:The fire lasted(for)two hours(火烧了两小时)。一般而言,问「火燃烧了多久」,英文会说How long did the fire last?但是,加上for字,文法上也没有错:For how long did the fire last? / How long did the fire last for? |