第8讲
注重表达的质量训练
1．没有什么能逃脱我们老师那敏锐眼光的。（Nothing can escape our teacher’s eagle eye.）
2．消防人员连续奋战了近三周才把森林大火控制住。（Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.）
3．他的车失控，掉下了大桥。（His car ran out of control and fell off the bridge.）
4．冬天即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄构成了毁灭性的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，还会导致严重的水灾。（ Winter is coming on and the hills threaten the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain will not only wash the soil but will cause serious floods as well.）
5．劫机犯威胁说如果他们的要求得不到满足将每小时杀一名乘客。（The hijackers threatened to kill one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.）
6．这场旷日持久的争论可能会造成这个团队的分裂。（This endless dispute threatens to split the party.）
7．它不但外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。（It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.）
8．作为一院之长，他不仅在学生中倡导早上朗读英语，而且他本人也身体力行。（As president of the college, he not only advocates reading English aloud in the morning among the students, but does it himself as well. ）
9．种子发芽生根了。（The seeds germinated and took root.）
10．那匹马气喘吁吁，怎么也不肯走了。（The horse was out of breath and refused to move.）
11．经济界人士预计紧跟此次金融危机之后的将是起码长达一年的经济萧条期。（People from the economic circle predict that the financial crisis will be followed by at least a 1-year-long economic depression. ）
12．这个大学因其优秀的教学而倍受推崇。（The college is highly admired for its excellent teaching.）
13．这些教室通风、照明俱佳。（These classrooms are well-ventilated and well-lighted.）
14．他建议安装一台吊顶电风扇。这将解决房间通风问题，因为当风扇急速转动时，它将带进新鲜的空气。（He suggested having a ceiling electric fan installed in the room. This would solve the problem of ventilating the room, for when the fan whirled, it would draw in fresh air.）
15．图书馆将由市长本人亲自剪彩开业。（The library will be officially opened by the mayor himself.）
16．我们还没有被正式告知关门歇业。（We haven’t yet been told officially about the closure.）
17．他的辞职一定与近来的丑闻有些什么牵连。（His resignation must have some connection with the recent scandal.）
18．一位上了年纪的盲人正沿着镇上的街道行走，拐杖触及坚硬的岩石地面时发出有节奏的声响。（An old blind man is walking down the town street, making rhythmic sounds when his stick touched the hard rock-surfaced road.）
19．一位警察走到我跟前，说我不该沿主街道开车，而应走一条侧街，因为我引发了交通堵塞。（A policeman went up to me and told me that I should not have driven along the main street, but a side one, because I was blocking the traffic.）
20．要保证最佳教学质量，我们必须采取多种手法。（To ensure the best teaching quality, we’ll have to adopt various approaches.）
21．就凭我们的密切（关系），你早该告诉我你的问题。（Considering our closeness, you ought to have told me about your problem earlier.）
22．他本来会进监狱的，但法官仅仅判以罚款，从轻发落了他。（He was expected to go to prison, but the judge let him off with a fine.）
23．在中华人民共和国成立前的100年里，中国蒙受着外来侵略和占领的耻辱。（Over the past 100 years before the P.R.C. was founded, China had suffered from the humiliation of foreign invasions and occupations.）
24．局势依然未变。（The situation remains unchanged.）
25．尽管危险，她依然镇定自若。（Despite the danger, she remained in complete control of herself.）
26．我可不是个死心塌地的爵士乐迷。（I’m not an unswerving enthusiast of jazz.）
27．想一想当他们迫不及待地打开包装箱发现第四个发动机依然完好无损时他们是何等的惊讶和惊喜。（Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey—still in perfect condition.）
28．我儿子急切地要看到他的妈妈送给他做生日礼物的盒子里究竟装的是什么。他一拿到手就迫不及待地打开来，看到是块漂亮的手表简直乐坏了。（My son couldn’t wait to see what was inside the box his mom gave him as a birthday present. The moment he got it, he broke it open and was overjoyed to find it was a beautiful watch.）
29．我不小心把手表从三楼的凉台给掉到地上去了。我急冲下楼去看看手表怎样了，看到它安然无恙我简直乐坏了—奇迹呀，要不还能是什么？（I accidentally dropped my watch to the ground from the balcony on the third floor. I rushed downstairs to see what had happened to it, and was delighted to see that it was sweet as honey—still in perfect condition—Miracle, or what else?）
30．我揭开一片草坪，露出了一大群蚂蚁。（I uncovered a piece of lawn and revealed a large colony of ants. ）
31．每个礼拜一的早上，我们的办公室堪称熙熙攘攘、繁忙异常。（On Monday mornings, our office is a real hive of industry.）
32．我嗓子痛得厉害，几乎无法说话，但借助这个话筒，我教完了两小时的课。（I had a very bad sore throat and could hardly speak, but with the microphone, I was able to teach for 2 hours.）
33．这座火山随时都可能猛烈爆发。事实上，灰烬正在从火山口喷出来。该火山的爆发将可能是毁灭性的。（The volcano could erupt violently at any time. In fact, ash is beginning to erupt from the crater now. And the eruption of this volcano would be destructive.）
34．我冲回到厨房，刚好及时，饭没被烧焦。（I rushed back to the kitchen just in time to save the food from getting burned.）
35．水池里因鱼而有了生机。（The pool was alive with fish.）
36．那部电影后半段才变得有趣起来。（The movie came alive in the second half.）
37．这个城市都是天黑以后才开始活跃起来。（The city starts to come alive after dark.）
38．她开始谈起自己的男友时才来了劲头。（She came alive as she started talking about her boyfriend.）
39．我知道你不喜欢他，但他也有可用之处。（I know you don’t like him, but he has his uses.）
40．如果这些症状没有消失，马上给我打电话。（If the symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to call me.）
41．你别象跟屁虫一样好不好？（Will you stop following me around?）
42．别提她胖了—她对此很敏感。（Don’t mention that she’s put on weight—she’s very sensitive about it.）
43．我同情地盯着那位在路边乞讨的老太太看了许久，心想她的孩子是不是知道自己的母亲在过着这样一种悲惨的生活呢？（I looked on sympathetically at the old lady begging at roadside, wondering if her children knew that their mother was leading such a miserable life.）
44．她挖空心思刁难我们。（She went out of her way to make things difficult for us.）
45．要减肥还是吃巧克力，你得选其一，这可是个鱼与熊掌的问题。（You’ll have to decide whether you want to lose weight or eat chocolates and you can’t have it both ways!）
46．这几次谈判的成功为释放人质扫清了道路。（The success of these talks has cleared the way for the release of the hostages.）
47．当你游览上海的时候，首先看到的东西之一就是坐落在黄浦江东岸的“东方明珠电视塔”—那座可以从很远就能看到的塔，也是世界第四高的建筑物和上海市的象征。（When you visit Shanghai, one of the first things you will see is the Oriental Pearl TV Tower standing on the east bank of Huangpu River—the famous tower which can be seen from far away, the forth highest building in the world and the symbol of the city.）
48．如果你要是没有给我传错信息的话，我就不会跟他吵架了。（If you had not passed on the wrong message to me, I would not have quarreled with him.）
49．他很少外出。（He rarely, if ever, goes out.）
50．我难得享受到如此宜人的静谧。（Rarely have I enjoyed such soothing tranquility.）
51．我起先在电话里都没有听出你的声音。（I failed to recognize your voice on the phone at first.）
52．在上高速之前你最好把四个轮胎再检查一遍。一旦有一个爆了，你也就完了。（You’d better have your four tyres checked once again before you drive onto the express way. Should one burst, you would get killed.）
53．很多外国人对中国历史的了解令我们自感惭愧。（Many foreigners’ knowledge of Chinese history put us to shame.）
54．他没有象我希望的那样前来乞求我原谅他的粗鲁态度，而是表现的好像什么也没发生过似的。（He did not come to beg me to excuse his rude manner as I hoped he would, but acted as if nothing had happened.）
55．如果你试图逃税，那一旦被发现，你就有被处以重额罚款的风险。（If you try to evade paying your taxes, you risk being fined heavily once found out.）
56．虽则已成为上海的名人了，但他宁愿像过去一样不去引人注目。（He is now one of Shanghai’s notables—but he prefers to remain out of the limelight.）
57．我的一位同事特爱出风头。（One of my colleagues is very fond of the limelight.）
58．晚会上，他抢了Mary的风头。（He stole the limelight of the party from Mary.）
59．仪器设备总是经过仔细消毒以防感染。（Equipment is always carefully sterilized as a precaution against infection.）
60．他是山东人，这从他的口音可以听出来。（As can be recognized from his accent, he is from Shandong.）

Context-based study
Passage 1:
Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is one of the most acclaimed novels of the twentieth century. It is a black comedy about life in the military during World War II. It features bombardier John Yossarian, who is trying to survive the military’s inexhaustible supply of bureaucracy and who is frantically trying to do anything to avoid killing and being killed. Heller was able to use his own experiences in the Air Force during World War II to create this character and the novel.
Even though Catch-22 eventually became known as a great novel, it was not originally considered one. When it was first published in 1961, the reviews were tepid and the sales were lackluster. It was not well received at this point at least in part because it presented such a cowardly protagonist at a time when World War II veterans were being lauded for their selfless courage.
Within a few years of the release of the book, as an unpopular war in Southeast Asia was heating up, Heller’s Catch-22 found a new audience eager to enjoy the exploits of Heller’s war-averse protagonist. It was within the framework of this era that Catch-22 was newly discovered, newly examined, and newly credited as one of the century’s best novels.

Passage 2:
Let me talk a bit about the expression catch-22. Do you understand what a catch-22 is? This expression is so well known now that it has entered the American lexicon: well, a catch-22 is a situation that is unresolvable, one where there is no good choice, not best path to take.
In Heller’s novel, the catch-22 is a very specific catch in a very specific situation. The situation in which the protagonist found himself was that he wanted to get out of combat by declaring himself insane. So you see that in this situation, there was a very specific catch. In American culture now, though, this expression is used more generally. It refers to any situation where there’s a catch, where there’s no solution, where there’s no way out.
One more bit of information about the expression catch-22, about the number 22 in the expression. This number doesn’t have any real meaning; it just signifies one in a long line of catches. Heller really could have used any number; it didn’t have to be 22. When Heller was first writing the book, he used the number 14; the book was originally titled Catch-14. Then, in the production process, the number was changed to 18, so the title was Catch-18. But then there was a problem with the number 18 because there was another book with 18 in the title, so Heller’s title became Catch-22.

Passage 3:
Hemophilia is a condition in which the blood either clots slowly or fails to clot at all. Most people who get a little cut on a finger can put a bandage on the cut, and the cut on the finger will heal because the blood will clot. A blood clot forms from the polymerization of protein fibers that circulate in the blood. A number of protein factors take part in the process, and it is necessary for all of the protein factors to function correctly for blood to clot. Hemophilia exists when any of the factors is either missing or not functioning.
 The most common kinds of hemophilia are hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia) and hemophilia B (or Christmas hemophilia), which was named after the first person known to have contracted it. Hemophilia A occurs when clotting factor 8 is not functioning properly; 85% of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia type A. Hemophilia B occurs when factor 9 is not functioning properly; almost all of the rest of those who suffer from hemophilia have hemophilia B.
 Hemophilia is generally passed from mother to son, though sometimes it seems to develop spontaneously in some women. Women carry recessive gene but do not generally develop the disease. A mother who carries the defective gene may or may not pass it on to her children. If a mother passes the defective gene to a daughter, the daughter will carry the gene but will most likely not develop the disease. If a mother passes the defective gene to a son, then the son will most likely develop the disease.

Passage 4:
Probably the most famous case of hemophilia is often called Royal hemophilia. In this case, Queen Victoria of England, who lived from 1819-1901, was a carrier of the mutating factor 8 that leads to hemophilia type A. Queen Victoria may have inherited the mutated gene from one of her parents, though there is no sign of the mutated gene in the families of Victoria’s parents up to that time that she was born. The mutated factor 8 may also have mutated spontaneously in Victoria, as seems to happen sometimes.
However Victoria came to be a carrier of the gene with the mutated factor, she unfortunately passed it on to some of her children. She had nine children, and three of them, her daughters Alice and Beatrice and her son Leopold, received the mutated gene from their mother. Victoria’s daughters then intermarried with other royal houses of Europe and carried the disease with them. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, the disease was carried into the royal family of Spain. Through Queen Victoria’s daughter Alice, the disease was introduced into the royal families of Austria and Russia, though the disease no longer exists in the Russian family because Victoria’s granddaughter Alexandra and her children were all killed during the Russian revolution.