央行提高第二套住房首付

Central bank lifts down payment for second-home buyers to 40%

原文：

The central bank on Friday tightened lending and raised the mortgage down payment for second-home buyers to 40 percent from 30 percent in the latest move to curb surging property prices. The mortgage rate for second homes has been set at 1.1 times the benchmark rate.

Property prices in 70 major cities rose by 8.2 percent year-on-year in August after increasing 7.5 percent in July, according to the National Development and Reform Commission. Housing prices in some cities registered higher growth rates. Prices rose by 13.5 percent from a year earlier in Beijing while Shenzhen prices increased 17.6 percent in August.

Tightening lending and increasing mortgage down payments alone is not enough to stabilize the market, said Liu Xiahui, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The State must provide more low-cost housing to meet demand, and land supply should also be increased to ease price rise momentum, he said. （摘自China Daily）

参考译文：

周五，央行宣布紧缩信贷，把第二套房首付比例从30%提高到40%，以求抑制房价上涨。第二套房贷款利率提高至一年期贷款基准利率的1.1倍。

据国家发改委消息，8月份70个主要城市房价七月份同比上涨7.5%后，八月份上涨8.2%。一些城市房价高位上涨。北京房价比去年同期上涨13.5%，而深圳房价八月份上涨了17.6%。

中国社会科学院研究员刘霞辉说：紧缩信贷、提高首付不足以稳定市场，要抑制房价上涨势头，中央必须提供低价房满足人民需求，同时增加土地供应。

重点词汇：

central bank: 央行，即People’s Bank of China（中国人民银行）。

tighten lending: 紧缩信贷

mortgage: 抵押

down payment: 首付，也称deposit

property price: 房价, 也称housing price

second-home buyer: 第二套房买主，注意这里和二手房区分开（second-hand home）

curb：抑制，也称ease, slow down等

surging: 上涨的。现在的社会，什么都在surging。如：surging oil price; surging housing price; surging consumption等

benchmark rate: 基准利率

year-on-year: 同比

from a year earlier: 去年同期

low-cost housing: 低价房

房地产相关词汇：

property management: 物业管理

floor space: 建筑面积

gain rate: 得房率

completed apartment(flat): 现房

forward delivery housing: 期房

economically affordable housing: 经济适用房

second-hand apartment (resold apartment): 二手房

residential property: 公寓房

commercial property: 商用房

installment: 分期付款

non-performing mortgage loans; bad loans: 不良房贷

default: 拖欠

mortgage loans: 抵押贷款

housing loan: 房贷

real estate speculator: 炒房者

背景扩充：

中央采取的抑制房价的措施

加息(interest rate hike)：2007年5次加息，分别在3月、 5月、7月、8月、9月，人民币一年期存贷款基准利（benchmark rate）各上调0.27个百分点(percentage point)。提高后，一年期贷款利率(lending rate)为7.29%, 一年期存款利率(deposit rate)为3.87%. 加息其实是提高购房者的贷款成本，打击投机(speculation)。遗憾的是，从今年实际效果来看，加息不仅没能减少人们的购房热度，反而加大了购房者的还款压力。

提高存款准备金率（reserve ratio increase）：金融机构(financial organization)必须将存款的一部分缴存在中央银行，这部分存款叫做存款准备金；存款准备金占金融机构存款总额的比例则叫做存款准备金率。打比方说，如果存款准备金率为7％，就意味着金融机构每吸收100万元存款，要向央行缴存7万元的存款准备金，用于发放贷款的资金为93万元。倘若将存款准备金率提高到7.5％，那么金融机构的可贷资金将减少到92.5 万元。到目前为止，今年共七次提高存款准备金率。

提高第二套住房首付(down payment increase)：政策调整是针对第二套住房贷款，对购买第一套住房者没有太大影响。房贷利率与房贷首付上调二者之间，房贷首付款上调的影响要更大一些。首付款上调，首先就需要资金投入的增加，这对市场的影响更大。而由于投资房产的回报率要远高于银行贷款利息，所以第二套房房贷利率上调的影响稍小。

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