Spot Dictation:

My topic for today’s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word “culture”, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist, and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate. But there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another’s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior, so can age. The customs, values and the attitudes of a 20-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War II. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures, gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and social economic background or just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules, and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate. A Korea-born infant adapted soon after birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul An African-American who grew up in the city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in the countries like France when African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learned as a part of our culture conditioning shaped the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication. The famous anthropologist Edward W. once remarked “culture is communication and communication is culture”.

Statements:

1: This report is urgent I have to finish typing it by Monday morning, so there goes my sleep this weekend.

2: What this office needs is better sound-proofing. I can’t concentrate here with all that traffic passing by on the street below. 

3: Learning a language is a laborious (15:17) process, and adjusting to this subtle cultural differences require much more time and patience than anyone can imagine.

4: If you can talk your boss into investing in that project, it will be a turning point for your company and we both shall benefit in the long run. 

5: I am afraid we’ve undercharged them; the invoice doesn’t include the legal fee and our agency’s commission. I think we need to inform. them about this immediately.

6: Being bilingual or multilingual can be an advantage in landing a job abroad although fluency in other languages is not always a requirement.

7: I believe our proposal is a real a contender for the contract. All we need to do is to walk ourselves into position to close the deal.          

8: We must prepare the ground for a deeper understanding of our differences and problems. Only through a shared view of our problem shall we be able to carry our collaboration forward.

9: Give the size of the order and the amount of heavy expenses on our side, anything less than 10 per cent is not worth the trouble.

10: Walking burns calories. It takes about 3500 calorie to lose just one pound of weight. And the 1–hour-walk at a moderate pace will burn up only 300 to 350 calories.

Q11-Q14

W: Hello, purchasing department. Alice Roger’s speaking.

M: Good morning, Mrs. Roger. This is John Stone from ABS Company. How are you?

W: Quite good, thank you. Well, Mr. Stone, we are still studying your catalog and your products. M: That’s very thoughtful of you, Mrs. Roger. But I’m calling to see if you’d like to see our showroom at the trade fair that opened last week.

W: Oh, I didn’t know you would have a showroom there. I’d be glad to go and have a tour around the exhibition.

M: Just tell me when it would be convenient for you, and we can arrange for the tour.

W: Let me see. How about next Monday afternoon, around two?

M: That’s fine. I’ll be over at 1:30. It’s only a ten-to-fifteen-minute drive from your department.

W: I can drive there in my own car. Shall we meet at the main gate of the trade fair?

M: That’s ok. I’ll be at the main gate at about 1:50. See you then.

W: Right. Goodbye

Question 11: Why is the man telephoning the woman?

Question 12: What is the man’s profession according to the conversation?

Question 13: When will the woman be free to visit the showroom and the trade fair?

Question 14: Where will the man and the woman meet at the trade fair?

Q15-Q18

Every human being, no matter where they are from, is born with the ability to smile. A smile is a natural reaction to a positive moment, like a friendly face, or a clever joke. Most babies first smile between six and eight weeks’ old. At first, it is only an expression made when excursing their facial muscles or passing wind. But once they realize a smile gets them a lot of attention, huge smiles in return, happy noises, extra treats, they learn to try it again. And why wouldn’t they? It takes forty-three muscles to frown, but only seventeen to smile. We smile when we are happy. We smile when we see people we know. But what happens when you are not happy to see someone you know? You smile any way. You fake a smile. Unfortunately, however, a fake smile never looks quite the same as the real one. In a genuine smile, you not only show your lower teeth, but also move the muscles running all the way around the mouth which in turn makes the skin around the eyes become tighter. And then your smile is real. However, when someone smiles politely, rather than because they really want to, they use the muscle, which only raises the size of the mouth, and which does not move the muscles at the corner of the eyes. This kind of fake smile is sometimes refer to as the “Pan-Am Smile”. As it is named, after the former airline whose flight attendants welcomed every passenger with the same force smile.

Question 15: According to the talk, what is a smile?

Question 16: What happens in a real smile?

Question 17: What do we learn about the Pan-Am Smile?

Question 18: Which of the following is not true according to the talk?

Q19-Q20

M: Hollow. This is Peter Smith’s speaking.

W: Hollow Peter, Betty’s speaking. I am calling about the open-door concert in London. Will it still be held this Sunday as is scheduled? It has been so cold that I haven’t been outside for a week. I do hate the cold.

M: Yes. It’s best to stay indoors in such beastly weather. But I am afraid I have no idea about the oncoming concert. You noticed our new neighbors who have arrived at No. 35 though. Surely, perhaps they knew something.

W: Well. I called on them yesterday. They seem such nice people at first but now I am not so sure.

M: Really? Why?

W: Well. They are from London and they think it’s the only place in the world worth talking about it. The wife made some very catty remarks about this area.

M: Londoners always think they are always better than other people, but I always find them less cultured. What does she look like?

W: Quite young and pretty. But she does wear a lot of makeup and she certainly dyes her hair. Perhaps she isn’t as young as she looks.

M: Anyway. I don’t want to mix with people like that because I knew they would snob when they saw that huge car. Surely they don’t need such a big one.

W: No. Still my husband says it’s four years old and it probably costs less than our secondhand. And ours is certainly as fast theirs. Besides, it uses so much petroleum. You can hardly afford to run it.

19. What has the woman done for the past week?

20. Why is the woman telephoning?

21. What does the man say in general?

22. What does the man think of his new neighbor’s car?

Q23-Q26:

Most people are too anxious during tests. Their anxiety overshadows or even interferes with their ability to reason and makes them less efficient than normal. As a result, they score far lower than they should. This is an unnecessary handicap. Especially if you are a student, who is going to spend 12-16 years or more taking tests. The solution of course is to learn the rules and techniques of successful test taking. Success builds assurance and confidence which in turn frees you to perform. better and better. Once you realize that eight tenths of your score depends on the way you take a test, it becomes obvious that learning rules of the test-taking game is crucial. It is not complicated. You do not have to be clever, brilliant or dishonest to do it. It is just a matter of observation and practice. Oddly, most people have not really thought much about what it means to make, give and take tests. Once you see tests are school games that have actual little meaning in the real world. Once you realize the game has a format that can be recognized, rules that can be mastered, playing strategies that can be learned, it can become as entertaining as crossword puzzle. Mastering test-taking, like learning to absorb and retrieve from information, is part of process of educating yourself, so the effort will not be wasted or pointless. Figuring out tests is a problem-solving experience and developing confidence to recognize and solve problems is not just a school game but a true educational activity.

Q 23 Why do many students score far lower than they should in the test?

Q 24 According to the speaker, what is crucial for successful test-taking?

Q 25 What does the speaker think of school tests?

Q 26 Which of the following is not an educational activity?

Q27-Q30

W: I had a really strange experience while I was walking around on Saturday Morning.

M: Oh? What was it?

W: There was a crowd. And at first I thought there had been an accident. But then I thought that they were making a movie.

M: That’s not so strange. You see a lot of film crews around town these days.

W: Yes, but when I started to walk away, one of the men called me over. He turned out to be the director.

M: Really? The director himself?

W: Believe it or not, he wanted me to be in the picture.

M: No kidding. Did he want you to say anything or were you just part of the crowd?

W: I didn’t say anything, but I had to do something. This woman in pajamas was in the phone booth.

M: Did you know who she was? Was she somebody famous?

W: She wasn’t anybody I knew. Anyway, I had to walk up to the phone booth. Then when I saw that there was somebody in it, I had to look disgusted and walk away.

M: You mean we’ll be able to see your face in when it comes out?

W: Well, maybe. But you know how it is. I’ll probably be cut out before anybody ever sees the movie.

M: How long did it take? Don’t they have to shoot these scenes over and over again?

W: It didn’t take very long. After we’ve done it four times, the director said everything was OK.

M: I hope you got paid.

W: They took my name and address, and they said they’d send me a check.

M: Wonderful. Now we are going to have a movie star in the office.

27 What was the woman’s strange experience?

28 According to the woman, who was in the phone booth while she was approaching it?

29 What was the woman suppose to do as she saw somebody in the phone booth?

30 What is the most likely relationship between the man and woman in the conversation?

Sentence Translation

1. Interesting work, enough money, plenty of exercise and entertainment, that’s my idea of a good and healthy life.

2. I don’t like the student canteen on campus. What’s wrong with it? It is interested in making money rather than serving good inexpensive foods for us students.

3. Young people should be encouraged to see the value of all trades and professions. They should look upon the careers they’ve chosen with interest and pride.

4. I think the best course of action would be to consult our lawyer before we sign the contract. Anyway, this is a big deal and is vital for our company.

5. Over 12,000 visitors attended the trade fair this year, this not only equals and increases by 20 percent, almost 2400 visitors from last year, but is also a new visitor record.

Passage Translation

1. Australia is almost a continent by itself. The vastness of the land, the relative small population and the rich nature resources make the country the most ideal place to live. For the past decade, Australia has increased its exports of more materials to China, which in turn has greatly aided its economy. However, because of the global financial crisis, Australia’s economy has show signs of slowdown. The Australian dollar is said to have lost its value against the US dollar by ten percent in the last three weeks.

2. In today’s world, your personal security is largely your financial security. A balanced checkbook and a saving’s account not only increase your future options, but also protect your current life style. Money makes it easier to live in a safe area, to have nutritious diet and to get a sound education. Although there is still no absolute protection from all of life’s hazards, wise financial planning can soften its harshest blow.

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