高级口译阅读Multiple Choice解题技巧

发布时间：2012-09-20

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来源于：昂立外语网站

高级口译阅读解题技巧

陆妍娉

阅读理解题是由文章，题干和答案三个部分构成，在对外刊文章的行文思路，外刊词汇有一定积累的基础上，通过正确的方法有效率的读文章，就可以准确地根据原文的信息有效地解答阅读理解题。许多同学拿到高口的multiple choice感到时间紧张，没有时间看完文章，做题稀里糊涂，完全凭感觉。其实高口的阅读做题在题型上大有文章。我们不妨将高口的阅读理解题大体上分为两种题型，通过这个角度来体会正确的解题方法和思路。

一、细节题型

之所以把细节题放在最前面，因为高口的细节题只有两种，词汇词组题，和“NOT TRUE”题。除了这两种之外的任何题型都是主旨题。细节题只能而且必须回到原文，看懂后作答。

首先，关于词汇词组题，词汇是阅读的基本要素之一，增加词汇量是提高阅读速度和阅读理解能力的重要因素，对于高口学员我们要求词汇量在8000-10000左右。在中高口中，词义推断题大量出现，这些题有一个共同特点，即无论考生词还是熟词，考察的均是单词或词组在上下文中的意思，几乎所有的答案都可以通过上下文来猜测和分析。例如：

Anthropologists, learned scientists who devote their lives to the study of man as a member of the animal kingdom, have taken these bones and they have been able to reconstruct our earlier ancestors with a fair degree of accuracy.

A, biologist

B, psychologist

C, specialist studying science of human being

D, specialist studying human’s nature

Anthropologists这个单词对于绝大多数同学来说比较陌生，但是紧跟这个词之后，文章立马给出了同位语，learned scientists who devote their lives to the study of man as a member of the animal kingdom, 从而我们得知，答案应该选C。

这类题型考生要善于分析句型结构。并且学会把备选答案代入原文进行排除。

我们再看NOT TRUE题型，遇到这类考题，部分考生会选择放弃，原因是这类题型选项过长，而且答案会散落在全文的各个角落。建议大家这类题型放到最后去看，并且根据各个选项中的不同的关键词去定位答案，同时排除错误选项。

二、主题题型

主题题型，顾名思义，是要求考生找到一篇文章的中心思想。主题题型出题的形式主要有5种：

1， What is the main idea/point/arguement of this passage?文章主旨题

2， What can you infer from passage?推断题

3， What does the author mean by saying “…”? 句意理解题

4， According to the passage, why does the author mention “…”?例子功能题

5， The attitude of the author toward sth. is …态度题

解决这种题目的关键，就是判别全文的主题，找到全篇文章的主题句，搞清楚文章主旨。

高级口译阅读文章全文的主题句一般出现在两个位置的可能性最大，第一段或者第二段的开头，少数文章会到第三段才出现主题句。如果文章属于报纸新闻类题材，它的要旨就是要向读者交待他们急于想知道的信息，这通常会在新闻的第一段中写出来。而杂志相比起报纸新闻，更加注重语言的艺术性，所以多用描述性的句子开头，主题往往出现在第二段的开头或者更后。因此做对主旨题，文章不需要全部看完，但是第一段到第三段必须看懂，直至出现文章的主题句。做题是切记一个原则“主旨相关性”。

外刊文章除了主题句之外，剩下段落居多是支持性细节，这些部分如果文章有细节题考到可以看，一般可以跳过，或者略读。

支持性的细节一般都是一些详细具体的细节内容，他们出现的唯一目的即是支持文章以及每个段落的主题。我们比较熟悉的细节的形式和特征主要包括：

1，具体的数字、时间。

2，直接引语和间接引语。作者为了证明某个观点，经常会引用某些专家，学者，或者是名人的言论。

3，举例子。

4，并列平行结构。

所有的支持性细节一般不做重点阅读，甚至在时间紧张的情况下，直接跳过阅读。一旦发现支持性细节，应注意读这些细节信息前后的抽象内容，通常就是文章或者段落的主旨，通常检测的也即是这些细节说明的问题，也就是主题的内容。

需要补充的是，对于作者态度题，在历年考题中统计，作者对于文章态度最可能是批评的或者是中立的，客观全面的。换言之，选项中如果出现critical, objective, comprehensive, neutural之类的词，则更有可能是答案。

练习：

高口

Questions 1-5

When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin—the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.

The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "Smiley—An American Icon" opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass.

Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.

As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings & Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy banks and coin purses. Old photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper.

By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with "Have a happy day." "In the 1970s, there was a trend toward happiness," says Wallace. "We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for [tokens of] happiness. [The Spain brothers] ran with it."

The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to promote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmileyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971.

Loufrani's actions irked Ball, who felt that such a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be "World Smile Day" to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2001.

The Worcester exhibit opens on "World Smile Day", Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandise—from the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seat—and contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11.

1. According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum ______.

(A) concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented

(B) has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition

(D) has organized the exhibit to arouse the Americans' patriotism

2. When the author used the expression "spread like drifting pollen "(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that ________.

(A) Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button

(B) the Smiley Face was immediately accepted by the public

(D) Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face

3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?

(A) To have a review of the contemporary American history.

(B) To remind people that we should never forget the past.

(D) To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin.

4. In the expression "Loufrani's actions irked Ball" (para.7), the word "irked" can best be replaced by ______.

(A) perplexed

(B) provoked

(D) challenged

5. Which of the following is NOT true about the "World Smile Day"?

(A) It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball.

(B) It was to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need.

(D) It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year.

Questions 1-5

【内容概要】

本文说的是笑脸大头如何成为全球标志的。第一段简单介绍笑脸大头的由来及其发明者的背景。第二、三段谈这个头像在Worcester市历史博物馆里的礼遇。紧接着两段谈笑脸大头遍布各地，成为人们向往开心与幸福的象征。90年代，大头再度风靡，并有公司为之引发风波。文章最后谈到“世界微笑节”的诞生。

【解析】

1. According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum ______.

【题型定位】细节题，根据大写专有名词Worcester Historical Museum定位至原文第二段第1、2句。

【判断依据】根据第2句Just as you’d want to know the biography of General Washington…，你也会想了解 Smiley Face的历史，而从随后的we realize we didn’t know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face可以看出，Worcester Historical Museum一定会编出一段关于Smiley Face的历史来。因此，既然Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously (第二段第1句)，推测一下答案，核对一下各选项，只有B项符合要求。A项出现绝对化词语most，选择时要特别小心；C项意群混乱，张冠李戴，对应文章第三段首句。该句说得是Worcester是other famous commercial firsts而非说Smiley Face; D项patriotism纯属无关内容。

2. When the author used the expression "spread like drifting pollen"(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that ________.

【题型定位】释义题，定位至题干中要求的定位点，即第四段第1句。

【判断依据】该句恰好是整段的中心句――银行利用icon的普及大肆牟利。拍摄的银行的旧照片里到处是Smiley Face的影子。由此可见，Smiley Face是很受欢迎的，因此B项符合题意。这里A项符合文章意思，但属于事实，并不是作者imply的内容，不可选。

3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?

【题型定位】细节题，用大写特殊名词（Vietnam War）及年代（1970s）定位至第五段第2、3句。

【判断依据】一切的例子都是为了证明相邻前句的观点的。本题中，例子前句的主干――…there was a trend toward happiness，对应C项的内容。注意选项中不应该含有例子本身的内容，所以可以首先排除A项。

4. In the expression "Loufrani's actions irked Ball" (para.7), the word "irked" can best be replaced by ______.

【题型定位】释义题，定位至题干中要求的定位点，即第七段第1句。

【判断依据】由于词汇题考查的是上下文的一致性和连贯性，所以必须察看该词所在的上下文。Loufrani's actions就是上文中Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has …since 1971.，而实际上Smiley Face是Harvey Ball发明的，同时，Ball本人felt that such a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity。很明显，Loufrani的行径无疑是激怒了Ball了，所以答案应该为C项。

5. Which of the following is NOT true about the "World Smile Day"?

【题型定位】判断题，用题干中的大写专有名词World Smile Day定位原文至文章最后两段。

【判断依据】文章最后两段涉及“世界微笑节”的诞生，所以我们只需要关注这两段。这个节日是发明者本人倡导的，不可能是倡导人自己纪念自己的，所以A项很容易被筛选出来。

【难点解析】

1. lay claim to：即claim, （根据权利）要求，主张。

2. spread like drifting pollen：主要指的是传播得广，如果用词组spread like wildfire通常就是为了证明速度快。

【背景介绍】

带有两双小眼睛的黄颜色的脸――“笑脸”是由美国人哈威•波尔氏在１９６３年底所设计和创作的。现在，它被世界称之为“自蒙娜丽莎以来的微笑”。在日本，“笑脸”被选为日本经济再生的象征，并决定举办“微笑”的宣传活动。为了跳出在日本持续了近１０年的经济消沉，人们需要的是微笑。此活动由“微笑宣传活动”本部主办，并得到了“哈为•波尔世界微笑财团”日本支部的大力支持。

最近，波尔主要把自己的精力献身于“世界微笑节”义务活动。此节日在每年的１０月份举办一次，目的是为了把“笑脸”作为世界和平的象征。“第一次世界微笑节”是在１９９９年１０月，伍斯特市举行的。在当天的上、下议院的共同议会上正式宣布了哈威•波尔氏在１９６３年设计和创作了“笑脸”，并由下议院议员哈雷特颁发了“声明书”。这表明哈威•波尔氏的设计和板权被公众承认。“第二次世界微笑节”是在２０００年１０月６日，也是伍斯特市举行的。

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