III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:  For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.  Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

    Over the last 15 years, digital communication has brought in more changes than the printing press did in 1570. And those most likely to use them in this world are teenagers, whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them, according to Dr Jay Giedd, a(n)   51   brain expert.
    We are now discovering that, as a species, our brains during the teenage years are still flexible and capable of   52  . Having a more flexible brain,   53  , means that certain parts of it, such as desire control and the ability to make long-term decisions, haven’t developed yet, which may also explain why we spend a(n)   54   period living under the protection of our parents rather than leaving home at the age of 12 or 13. This also means that the teenage brain can adapt to new technology, enabling teenagers to   55   the increasing pace of digital technology and giving them an advantage when it comes to multitasking.
    In the USA, on average teenagers spend 8.5 hours a day using computers, mobiles, and other devices to learn, interact, and play. This increases to 11.5 hours if you include all of the   56   that goes on, such as talking on the phone while watching TV. As they stare at these screens, they’re taking in and sorting through an incredible amount of information.
    There are   57   about how social media is affecting the way the brain learns to   58  , as one of the most important skills that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around us. Geidd says that a lot of what goes on inside our brains is social. Social interactions are now being   59   by technology – you could have hundreds of friends, all of whom are real people that you interact with and scientists aren’t sure whether we’ll be able to develop the same   60   using social media.
    There is a(n)   61   of the growing digital trend: YouTube shows the teenagers all over the world are watching the same videos and laughing at the same jokes, indicating that they are more   62   than teenagers in the past. They may be keen on   63   their friends and posting updates on social media sites, but teenagers today are probably going to have access to technology and   64   social and educational opportunities that anyone with a less flexible brain may have trouble imagining. Nevertheless, there is a cut-off point, and by the age of 30, our brains in their ways, making it more  65   for us to adapt and cope with new technologies.

51. A. digital    B. adolescent C. surgical D. artificial 

52. A. functioning   B. noticing C. adjusting    D. deciding

53. A. however    B. therefore     C. otherwise  D. instead

54. A. natural    B. glorious     C. limited   D. extended

55. A. keep up with  B. come up with  C. put up with  D. end up with

56. A. gossiping     B. multitasking   C. interacting   D. playing 

57. A. reports       B. curiosities  C. concerns  D. talks 

58. A. memorize   B. sort  C. imagine  D. socialize 

59. A. changed  B. controlled  C. troubled  D. interrupted

60. A. trends  B. attitudes  C. societies  D. skills

61. A. advantage  B. distraction  C. indication   D. history

62. A. absent-minded  B. global-minded  C. quick-minded  D. serious-minded

63. A. accessing  B. texting  C. discovering  D. watching

64. A. on the whole  B. as a result   C. in other words  D. by all means

65. A. flexible B. important  C. difficult  D. incredible

真相大白：

51-55 BCADA

56-60 BCDAD

61-65 ABBBC

步步为赢：

51. B. adolescent。根据原文“whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them”可知，引用专家的话是为了说明青少年的大脑对新技术的适应性强。这个专家应该是一个研究青少年大脑的专家。考生易利用原词原则选digital，但应注意找到原词不一定就是选项，还要看放入原文中是否合适。

52.C. adjusting。句意：大脑在青少年阶段很灵活，适应能力好。本文关注的是青少年阶段的“适应能力”，而不是其它能力。

53.A. however。难点是such as 插入部分，在做题时，可以先把插入部分去掉，原句简化为Having a more flexible brain,   53  , means that certain parts of it haven’t developed yet. “有一个灵活的大脑”和“大脑的某个部位还没有发育”构成转折关系，故选择however。

54.D. extended。联系上下文，这里要表达的意思是：这也就解释了为什么我们会花更长的时间生活在父母的保护下，而不是十二三岁就离家。extend有延长的意思。

55.A. keep up with。本题考查的是词组辨析，意思为跟上不断加快的数字技术的步伐。keep up with跟上……速度；come up with想到，拿出；put up with容忍；end up with以……而告终。

56.B. multitasking。上一段中提到，当涉及同时做多件事情（multitasking）时，会给他们提供优势，本段可以对应到multitasking，后文的例子such as talking on the phone while watching TV.也可以帮助考生破题。

57. C. concerns。人们关心的是社会媒体如何影响大脑学习社交的方式。

58. D. socialize。从后文“that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around us”和“Social interactions”等关键词句可以推断出，本段谈论的是社交技能。

59. A. changed 。社交活动现在正在被技术改变。control语意过重；trouble是贬义词，但文中并未对技术变化是好是坏做出评论；interrupt为打断，技术并没有打断社交活动，而是改变了社交方式。

60. D. skills。本段一开头就提到一种技能“one of the most important skills”，由此可判断本句中，科学家不确定的应该是：通过使用社会媒体，我们是否能够发展同样的技能。

61. A. advantage。advantage 优势；distraction分心；indication迹象；history 历史。下文有讲到与之前的青少年相比，他们更具有全球化思维，可知应选择advantage。其它词放在这里都不合适。

62. B. global-minded。选项和原文中的“the teenagers all over the world”对应，最符合原文的应该是全球化思维。

63. B. texting。考生可以先观察与之并列的部分“posting updates on social media sites”这两个动作应都能体现出他们的数字化倾向，与growing digital trend相呼应。故选择发短信给朋友。

64. B. as a result。句意：但是今天的青少年更可能使用技术设备，从而可以得到头脑不够灵活的人难以想象的社交和教育机会。“得到机会”和“使用技术设备”构成因果关系。

65. C. difficult。cut-off point是分界点的意思。纵观全文，青少年的适应能力很好，那么到30岁的时候我们的适应能力应该不如以前了，因此选择difficult。

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