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(C)
In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world’s environmental villain (反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now, the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right. Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.
But how did it break the vicious cycle?（恶性循环） The answer, according to paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier arears and consumer pressure on companies worked.
The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed – for enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.
During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better cooperation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.
The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restriction could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.
By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get s huge increase in food output with destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farms who care about the law and market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.
73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ___________.
A. it has rainforest as large as Belgium
B. it has cut down too much rainforest
C. it has taken action to reduce deforestation
D. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air.
74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in paragraph 2 most probably refers to _______
A. a powerful weapon B. an effective solution
C. an intelligent device D. a golden opportunity
75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.
B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.
C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.
D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.
76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation
B. All the farmers care much about forest protection
C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government
D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.
77. What can be the best title?
A. Cutting Down on Cutting Down
B. Brazil, the World Leader in Farming
C. Restrictions Outperforming Rewards
D. Farmer Awareness Working Wonders | 
