牛刀小试

What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.

In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.

As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.

74.Which of the following statements is not true?

 A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects

     during their pregnancy.

B. It is totally impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.

C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.

D. There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn child's.

75.A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ________.

A. she is emotionally shocked

B. she has a good knowledge of inheritance

C. she takes part in all kind of activities

D. she sticks to studying

76.According to the passage, a child may inherit _______.

A. everything from his mother

B. a knowledge of mathematics

C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence

D. her mother’s musical ability

77.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Role of Inheritance

B. An Unborn Child

C. Function of instincts

D. Inherited Talents

真相大白

74.B     75.A    76.C    77.A

步步为赢

74.本题为细节题，从第二段“It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence”和第三段“As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear”可见文章的观点是胎教能让孩子获得一种普遍天赋，而不是具体的某一种特定的能力，选项B认为胎教没有任何作用显然是错误的。故可以选择B选项。

75.本题为细节题，很好定位，第一段的“An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child” 提到母亲的情感创伤能影响胎儿的成长，故选A。

76.本题为细节题，定位于第二段中间，作者认为胎教不是没有作用，而是胎教不是让胎儿学会具体某一种技能和能力，而是发展胎儿普遍天赋，比如听音乐让孩子耳朵更敏感，而不能保证让胎儿有音乐天赋。故选C。

77.本题为主旨题，全文主题和观点都很明确，胎教到底对孩子的作用是什么，最后一段作者提到了至于孩子是不是在具体某一方面的造诣要看后天环境，由此可以归纳本文主旨是讲胎教的作用。故选A。

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