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2016静安区高中二模解析之完形填空
发布时间:2016-05-17 作者:高考项目部 来源于:昂立外语网站

I. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

牛刀小试

    Since Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.


Alzheimer’s Disease
Many people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的) disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.
 The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.
 __57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.
 Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.
 Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.


Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system which __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medications such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur
.

51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised

52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold

53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end

54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration

55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal

56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more

57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally

58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with

59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible

60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity

61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect

62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless

63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling

64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly

65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reduced

 

真相大白

51-55      CADCC

56-60      DBCAB

61-65      DACBD

 

名师把脉

篇同样是医疗话题,详细介绍大家耳熟能详却不甚理解甚至误解的阿尔兹海默症和帕金森症。有一定的难度,不仅需要考生有充足的语料库积累,还需要养成严谨的英语学习习惯。

 

步步为赢

51informed解析:尽管患阿尔兹海默症的风险会随着年龄增长而增加,但确实有不少老人的记性还是很好的。记忆丧失有多种形式,很多人并不知晓所有情况,才会把这种症状都贴上阿尔兹海默症的标签。inform是被告知的意思,老百姓不可能自然而然就知道这些,一般是通过获取信息知晓的。

52. take解析:take the blame for,承担......的责任,这里是成为......的原因。

53. In the end解析:上一句说阿尔兹海默症会导致诸如极度精神抑郁这样的非退化性疾病,所以后面指出要准确判断病症最终还是要通过脑组织解剖的检验(而非仅仅根据记忆退化这样的外在表现来判断)。

54. diagnosis解析:原理同53,提出诊断该疾病的准确方法。

55. genetic解析:这里需要在理解的基础上判断几个选项。environmental是一种外在且具体的因素,表示诸如环境污染这样的环境问题。后面的数据表明,父母或兄弟姐妹患了该病的话,本人所患几率会更高,表明是内在的基因问题。

56. more解析:同上,既然是基因问题,那么父母或兄弟姐妹患了该病的话,本人所患几率会更高

57. However解析:前面说基因是一个原因,后面转折,说明不止这一个,还有其他的因素会导致该疾病。

58. went down with解析:go down with是被接受、染上疾病的意思。一般一对双胞胎只有一个会患上该病,若两个同时患病,也是会间隔15年之久。

59. available解析:这段时间铝被广泛应用于烹饪锅。available可得的,可见的。其它几个选项词义均不对。

60. difficulty解析:并列连词and连接前后结构对称,difficulty对应problem

61. affect解析:帕金森是中枢神经紊乱逐渐恶化的结果,影响了百万计的美国人。influenceaffect似乎都可以,但是运用于疾病影响人类,只能用affect。该题有难度,主要是和考生平时背单词的方式有关,应多接触原版英文词典。

62. important解析:多巴胺对中枢神经控制肌肉活动来说至关重要。

63. initiating解析:因为不能控制肌肉活动,才会难以去发起身体运动。这题容易错选controlling,而该疾病的病因是中枢神经问题导致不能控制肌肉,肌肉运动和机体运动是由小到大的概念,不能等同。

64. Contrarily解析:在帕金森晚期,一些病人会由痴呆症最终发展成阿尔兹海默症,而阿尔兹海默症会产生一些帕金森的症状(却不会发展成帕金森),这是对两个疾病之间关系的说明,前后是相反的关系。

65. reduced解析:并列连词or连接的两个内容在含义上要么并列要么对立,选择与diminished的替代词。

 

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