2017年高考阅读及写作题型及考点预测

发布时间：2016-06-12

作者：

来源于：昂立外语网站

随着2016年高考圣战缓缓落下帷幕，在“几家欢喜几家愁”到来之前考完的宝宝们应该是全世界最幸福的娃了。幸福之处不仅在于十几年的奋斗终于尘埃落定的感觉如此珍贵，还在于能把所有改革的压力全抛给下届的学弟学妹们，自己则可以两袖清风不带走一片云彩地say goodbye了。敢问肩负满满社会责任感的昂立怎么能袖手旁观？！

阅读预测

关于2017年的上海高考英语改革众说纷纭，题型莫测。变动最大最引人瞩目的当属听说题型的增加和变动，对此wuli昂立早就推出了备受期待的听说课程。小编在此要提醒各位来年的斗士们，阅读题型的变动之大一点不输听说。据可靠消息称2017年阅读的分值将有一定提高。撤换原先回答问题的题型，可能的代替题型有两种：一是从一个语篇中挖出四个句子，六选四还原到原文；另一种说法是依照大学英语四级的阅读题型出题，如下：

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.

　　Essay -grading Software Officers Professors a Break

　　[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with the exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.

　　[B] Edx, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Thnology(MIT) to offer courses on the Internet ,has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institutions that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.

　　[C] The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of the automation education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet provided widespread acceptance by educations and has many critics.

　　[D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of Edx, predicted that the instant grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers . He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr.Agarwal said, “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.”

　　[E] But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no matter for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human grades.

　　[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁) opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.

　　[G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot ‘read’. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical (伦理)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.”

　　[H] But EdX experts its software to be widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Geoge town and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.

　　[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders 100 essay or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank.

　　[J] Edx is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. there is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states — Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia — are using some form of the technology in second schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader”, to check the reliability of the human graders.

　　[K] But the growing influence of the Edx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.

　　[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “it allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right, ” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.

　　[M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 Prizes aimed at improving software that grades essay and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contents, Vik Paruchurt was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.

　　[N] “One of our focus is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests”. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot of more time.

　　[O] Mark D.Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology — though imperfect — has a place in educational settings.

　　[P] With increasing large class, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.

[Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine over could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.”

　　46 Some professors in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading.

　　47 using software to grade students’ essay saves teachers time for other work.

　　48 the Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.

　　49 Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.

　　50 Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.

　　51 Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in leses famous university.

　　52 Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot measured by computer rating programs.

　　53 As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give student valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.

　　54 The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.

55 Students find instant feedback helps their learning considerably.

除此之外，阅读还另增了summary writing的题型，我们可以把这看作为又一篇小作文，考验的是同学欣赏理解及综合概括的能力。但大多数学生感觉无从下手，如今高考对于“output”要求越来越高确实对习惯背诵甚至“死记”规律的国内学生来说是莫大的考验。而作为昂立学子的优势就此显现了，我们高中读写课已将此列入课堂教学内容了哟！

小编来为大家理一理到底如何写这要了亲命的summary才能得到高分。

各位同学一定要避免面面具到，事无巨细的概括方式，并且千万切忌用文章的原句。首先，细读原文，掌握文章的大意和结构，明确全文主题和各段的段落大意。然后，草拟写作提纲，应包括略去不必要细节的文章主要事实。记得要与原文保持协调安排好篇幅比例，即详略得当。期间，要注意段落的连贯和句子间的衔接。最后，检查并誊写，注意词数是否符合规定要求。

作文预测

小昂认为来年作文话题依然围绕生活中常见现象或事例，文体应该会是比较类和图片类的议论文。如：

1．真人秀火爆的现象讨论

2．在旅游景点看人多于看景的现象讨论

3．旅游过程中不文明现象的讨论

4．关于社会上时有发生的“道德绑架”现象的讨论

5． “留学潮”的反思

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