2016

上海 英语试卷

考生注意：

1.  考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.  本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写 姓名。               

第I卷(共103分)

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

真题：

1. A. It is satisfactory.             B. It is luxurious.  

 C. It is old-fashioned.           D. It is disappointing.

2. A. On August 5th.   B. On August 6th.   

 C. On August 7th.    D. On August 8th.

3. A. A waiter.   B. A butcher.   C. A porter.   D. A farmer.

4. A. In a theatre.   B. In a library.   

  C. In a booking office.   D. In a furniture store.

5. A. She expected to a better show.         B. She could hardly find her seat.

 C. She wasn’t interested in the show.       D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.

6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast.  

   B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.

   C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.       

  D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.

7. A. Selling cucumbers.   B. Planting vegetables.  

  C. Cooking a meal.     D. Picking tomatoes.

8. A. The man should work hard.        

  B. The man should turn down the job offer.

  C. The man may have another chance.   

 D. The man can apply for the job again.

9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day.   B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.

  C. A vehicle is polluting the air.  D. The man is reading a report online.

10. A. Its ending is not good enough.   B. Its special effects are not satisfying.

  C. It deserves an award.                     D. It is good except for the scary part.

原文：

1. M: Sue, what do you think of the new shopping center?

  W: I went there yesterday, and it is not as good as I expected.

  Q: What does the woman think of the shopping center?

2. M: How long will we stay at the camp?

  W: We’ll stay there for one night. That means we will leave the camp on August 7.

  Q: When will the speakers arrive at the camp?

3. M: We are famous for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some?

  W: Ah, I don’t think so. I am not a big fan of barbecue pork.

  Q: Who is most probably the man?

4. M: Can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look up something on Shakespeare.

  W: Sorry. Everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelf when the closing bell is sounded.

  Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?

5.M: Wasn’t the show any good?

 W: The show was good, but I can hardly see the stage from my seat.

 Q: What does the woman mean?

6.M: Do you have your breakfast, lunch and dinner at the cafeteria?

 W: I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast.

 Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

7．M: Are you going to put the seeds of tomatoes into the soil, too?

   W: I think there is plenty of space to the right of the cucumbers.

   Q: Where are the speakers most probably doing?

8. M: The Morrison Company turned down my application. I don’t know how I can do it without a job.

  W: Well, don’t take it so hard. Something else will turn up.

  Q: What does the woman mean?

9. W:  Good morning! This is the Clean Air Hotline. May I help you?

  M: Yes, I’d like to report a smoky vehicle running on King Street.

  Q:  What can we learn from the conversation?

10. W:  I think the film is good because it is scary and the special effects are amazing.

   M:  It will deserve an award if it weren’t for the last part.

   Q:  What does the man think of the film?

答案与解析：

1.D     2.B     3.A      4.B    5.D                  

6.C      7.B     8.C     9.C     10.A

1.D.  It is disappointing.

话题分布: 日常交流，意见询问

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧：关键词组把握

难度评价：偏简单

本题主要考词组not as…as的把握。考生切不可听到good就选择了错误的答案，not as good as I expected的意思为“不如我想象中好”，所以负面情绪disappointing 是正确的。

2. B.  On August 6th.

话题分布: 询问时间

提问类型: 细节推测类

应试技巧：把握两个时间细节进行推测

难度评价：偏简单

本题主考时间细节，再做简单推测即可。根据题目可以得知说话者是8月7日离开，并且只待一晚，不难得出他们是8月6日到达营地。

3. A.  A waiter

话题分布: 餐饮类，食物推荐

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧：听清关键词barbecue pork，Would you like…? 餐饮礼貌用语。

难度评价：偏简单

本题从男士的语气以及文本内容来看， 知道男士在做食品推荐，很可惜被顾客拒绝了，从而推断该男士的职业是 waiter 等词。

4. B .  In a library

话题分布:  校园学习类

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧： 听懂关键词 stay here for just another minute ；look up something；以及第二人的shelf 。

难度评价：偏简单

本题从两人的对话中推断出对话发生在哪里；从第一人的查阅（look up something）；到第二人的 shelf  可推断出该对话发生在library等地方。

5. D . She didn’t get a favourable seat

话题分布：剧院演出

提问类型：推理

应试技巧：抓住关键词 hardly see, stage, seat

难度评价：偏简单

从see, stage, seat可以看出对话发生地点是剧院，但hardly告诉我们这位女士由于位置关系不能很好的看清舞台表演。所以很自然选出She didn’t get a favourable seat.

6.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast

话题分布: 饮食类

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧：第二人原则；but后面是重点,听懂skip。

难度评价：偏简单

本题从女士的角度看，关键是想说自己早饭经常不吃,所以选The woman doesn’t have breakfast。

7．B. Planting vegetables.

1.话题分布: 种植

2提问类型: 事件判断

3应试技巧：抓住关键词seeds, soil, tomatoes, cucumbers

4.难度评价：偏简单

本题从关键字seeds, soil, tomatoes, cucumbers即可得知是在田地里面或者家中花园里干活，Planting vegetables。

8. C. The man may have another chance

话题分布: 职业类

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧：把握关键词don’t take it so hard与something else

难度评价：难度中等

本题从女士的语气以及对话细节内容都比较容易判断是在安慰男士，同时考察了考生们对于“turn down”以及“turn up” 等词组的理解和把握。

9. C. A vehicle is polluting the air

话题分布: 电话交流

提问类型: 概括推测类

应试技巧：语气与词汇一起判断，依据事实判断。“Clean Air Hotline”和“smoky” 给出了正确答案的暗示，然后选择意义最相近的答案。

难度评价：简单

本题从男士的语气以及文本内容来看，可以了解到在King Street有一辆汽车出了状况 “smoky”，在冒烟，而接听电话的是“Clean Air Hotline”的职员，面对选项，不难联想到环境污染，A vehicle is polluting the air。

10.  A. Its ending is not good enough

话题分布: 日常交流类

提问类型: 评价，影评

应试技巧：本题考到了虚拟语气，这个男的说如果不是最后一个部分的话这个电影可以获奖。

难度评价：偏难

本题从男士的语气以及文本内容来看，知道该男士认为这部电影的最后一部分不是很好，所以答案如果有so-so, not so good, normal或者句子the last part is not so satisfying之类的选项可以选，密码对选项，我们看到有A. Its ending is not good enough，符合推断。

II.Section B

  Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Passage (1)

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

真题：

11. A. $1.  B. $2  C. $3  D. $ 52.
12. A. Pay the bills first.
    B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.
    C. Deposit $1000 every month.
    D. Put part of the money in a savings account.
13. A. Methods of saving money.
    B. Saving money for family emergencies.
    C. The importance of saving money.
    D. Secrets of spending money wisely.

Passage (2)

Section C

Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form.  Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Long conversation (1)

真题：

原文：

Long Conversation 1

M: Shirley, I’m working on our class dairy for next week. Would you please give me the information?

W: Sure! First, it’s the deadline for after-class activity application. The deadline is next Monday, June 14th.

M: Monday, June 14th.

W: Yes. Then on Wednesday, that’s the 16th, all classmates have to hand in 3 student photos.

M: 3 student photos.

W: Okay. Next is the basketball club meeting. It’s on the 17th.

M: The basketball club meeting on the 17th. And where will they meet?

W: At the stadium.

M: And at what time?

W: From 12:45 to 1:30 pm.

M: Right.

W: Then the last thing is about filling in a form with up-to-date personal data. Our class needs to go to the computer-room during the morning break on the 18th.

M: Ok, the morning break on the 18th.

W: Aw! Wait a minute! I made a mistake. It should be during the lunch break.

M: Got it.

W: Thank you!

答案与解析：

17.Deadline               18. photos        19.stadium      20. Lunch

话题分布: 行程计划类

应试技巧：对话是关于class diary中的事件以及每个事件对应的时间、地点等细节信息。考生要注意听女士提供的信息；注意事件的时间地点；注意利用序数词的提示，进行信息分层。

难度评价：简单。

17.  Deadline。考生可以“after-class activity application”最为参照，前面出现的词是deadline。同时，后一句话中“The deadline is next Monday, June 14th”又重复了这个重点词。

18.  photos。预读题目时，可以先判断本题是与发生在16日周三的事件，考生可以利用时间为信号词，应不难听出“Then on Wednesday, that’s the 16th, all classmates have to hand in 3 student photos”因此，填photos。

19.  stadium。预读题目时，可以先判断本题考查 Basketball Club meeting发生的地点，重点听地点类词汇，不难填出stadium。

20.  Lunch。本题考查细节，更新个人信息的具体时间。注意对话中先给出了错误的时间：早上休息时。后来又更正了时间：午饭休息时。只要细心听完对话内容，应不易出错。

Long conversation (2)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

 真题：

听力原文：

M: The guest for today is Sue Walter. She is a famous judge in court. Good morning, Sue.

W: Good morning, Sean. I am glad to be here today.

M：Your new book, My World, will be published next week. Would you please tell us the theme of your book?

W: Well, I want people who have challenges in their lives to believe that despite their difficulties, they can still accomplish a lot. One of my suggestions is to always ask for help.

M: Right, what's the best part about being a judge in court?

W: Having a voice in the decision-making process. There is something extremely satisfying about that.

M: You've been on the children's program. So, how do you explain your job to kids?

W: I give a very simplified version of what a judge does. I talked to them about how the law helps people solve their problems.

M: What's your idea of happiness?

W: I think it would be the satisfaction of enjoying things with others, meaning when you are giving to others, whether it's time, attention, a gift, anything, just those moments of sharing.

M: Thank you, Sue.

答案与解析：

21.a(famous) judge       22.Asking for help

23.Having a voice         24.Sharing (with others)

话题分布：名人访谈类

应试技巧：在听力前因及时把题目浏览一遍，才能及时抓住文章的考点。

注意人物身份，及一些关键的信息点。

难度评价：简单

21. a(famous) judge。本题考点是访谈人物的身份，其实是整段对话的中心，谈话就是围绕法官的身份展开。

22. Asking for help。考生要注意听男士的提问，答案在One of my suggestions is to always ask for help这句。答题时应该将ask改为动名词形式。本题考查信息捕捉，因此应集中在特定的词汇上。本题的重点词汇是difficulties和suggestions，应抓住这两个单词在听力过程中寻找答案。

23. Having a voice。考生要注意听男士的提问，注意关键信息，关键词是best part。根据“Right, what's the best part about being a judge in court? Having a voice in the decision-making process”这里的一问一答可知道答案。

24. Sharing (with others) 。本题有很大的迷惑性。答案虽然在最后一段话中，但有多个选项，出现“enjoying things with others，giving to others，moments of sharing”。应以听明白为答题的前提，推导出“enjoying things with others，giving to others”其实都被包含在sharing中，因此答案是sharing。

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

真题：

(A)

Bags of Love

  Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.

  After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly— we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.

  I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?

  When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.

答案与解析：

25. Wondering    26. what     27. which    28. had done      29. buying

30. Before       31. from      32. how  

25. Wondering。该题主要考查非谓语的用法。作者想知道母亲为何这么快消耗了食物，因此他就观察母亲的日常行为。主动用动词的ing形式。

26. what。该题主要考查主语从句的用法，what happened truly amazed me。what happened充当主语。发生的事情令我很震惊。

27. which。该题主要考查非限制性定语从句的用法，She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it to children. in which 指的是in the refugee camp难民营。

28. had done。该题主要考查时态的用法。联系上下文，作者的母亲为什么不想告诉孩子她之前做的事情？过去的过去，用过去完成时。

29. buying。该题主要考查非谓语的用法。stop doing 停止做某事。

30. Before。该题主要考查时间状句语从句的用法。稍微有点难度，考生要好好理解上下文。

31. from。该题主要考查介词的用法。keep a secret from sb. 对某人保密。

32. how。该题主要考查宾语从句的用法。考生需要领会作者的心情，母亲如此的无私，作者非常感动。

真题：                        (B)

                  Stress: Good or Bad?

  Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.

  In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.

   To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.  

答案与解析：

33. has been regarded    34. that     35. better     36. a       37. you   

38. annoyed            39. control   40. to get

33. has been regarded 。本题考查时态语态。 in recent years 表示在最近几年里，且压力被认为是一系列医学问题的原因，因此本题用现在完成时的被动形式。

34. that。本题考查强调句结构，强调句的结构是it is +被强调部分+that+其他。

35. better。本题考查形容词比较级，the more..., the more...的句型，理解为“尽管在某种程度下，压力越大，你的表现越好”。

36. a 。本题考查冠词。根据上下文，此处理解为许多问题， a number of 表示许多。

37. you。本题考查代词， expect of 表示对...的期待，此处没有提示词，由此可见此空应该填虚词，结合上下文， 这句话的意思是“你是否觉得自己被他人赋予了太多期望而因此压力大？”， 所以，此空填you，表示你自己。

38. annoyed 。本题考查非谓语的用法，分词的ed结构表示感到...的，get annoyed with sb. 表示对某人感到恼怒的。

39. control。本题考查had better的用法，had better do sth.。

40. to get。本题考查非谓语的用法， be likely to do sth. , 此处用不定式做宾语，表示有可能做某事。

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

真题：

Golden Rules of Good Design

   What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to   41     the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.

Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary42 .

    More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is43  design. Post-Modernist designers began to   44   with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen    45   such as ovens and kettles.

    Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is    46 . For example, think of a(n)   47   desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to    48   light where it is needed.

    From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer HartmutEsslinger. He believes design must take into    49   the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily    50   the toothpaste onto our brush.

答案与解析：

41. D     42.E     43.J     44.G     45.C

46.H     47.B     48.F     49.A      50.K

41. D capture。解析：try to do sth.，这里填动词原形。原句意为：数年来，设计师和艺术家都在尝试捕捉/得到（获知）好设计的本质。

42. E decorations。解析：形容词后跟名词。前面说要以简洁有效的方式传达美，设计需要避免不必要的装饰，即避免浮华。

43. J soulless 。解析：选择形容词，且根据句意理解是表示负面评价的形容词。如果简约性处理不好，设计就没有灵魂。

44. G experiment 。解析：begin to do sth.，选择动词原形。根据上下文理解，为了实现艺术品简约而美的特性，后现代设计师开始再次实验探索将装饰和色彩结合。

45. C appliances。解析：ovens and kettles都是厨房用具kitchen appliances。

46. H intended。解析：intend，为特殊目的而设计。这里指，产品的功能应该匹配它的设计初衷。

47. B adjustable。解析：名词前接形容词；此外，后边的regular adjustments也是个提醒。

48. F direct。解析：need to do sth，选择动词原形。direct，及物动词，指向。意为按需要的方向调节台灯。

49. A account。解析：固定搭配，take sth into account,考虑到某事。这里将宾语后置了，原句应该是take the sensory side of our nature into account。

50. K squeeze。解析：allow sb to do sth, 允许某人做某事，应该选动词原形。squeeze the toothpaste onto our brush，将牙膏挤在牙刷上。

改编来源：

https://speckyboy.com/2012/07/10/the-10-golden-rules-of-simple-clean-design/

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

真题：

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now-famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively   51   work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53   , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from   54   without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of   55   people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to   56   to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general57  . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58  managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without   59   managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:   60   the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be   61   with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has   62   been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to   63   that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or   64   management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the   65   of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

51. A. desire           B. seek          C. lose D. dislike  

52. A. contrary       B. expectation      C. degree D. extreme

53. A. vice versa      B. for example      C. however D. otherwise

54. A. outside         B. inside         C. below       D. above

55. A. replacing    B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

56. A. refer        B. contribute   C. object     D. apply

57. A. agreement   B. practice      C. election    D. impression

58. A. bossy     B. experienced   C. western     D. male

59. A. asking    B. training    C. warning    D. firing

60. A. doubling    B. maintaining     C. reducing    D. estimating

61. A. honoured B. left             C. crowded    D. compared

62. A. economically   B. traditionally    C. inadequately D. occasionally

63. A. deny         B. admit           C. assume      D. ensure

64. A. virtual          B. ineffective      C. day-to-day   D. on-the-scene

65. A. opinion      B. risk           C. performance D. attractiveness

答案与解析：

51-55  DABDC

56-60  BADAC

61-65  BBDAC

51. D dislike。该题不难，主要考查学生是否有把前后文联系起来的能力。该题选dislike ，是由后文“and will do anything to avoid it.”得来的。

52. A contrary。该题与上题类似，是上下文联系能力与语法知识的综合考查。由段一可知X理论和Y理论是两个相反的理论。且由despite可知主从句内容相反，故答案为contrary。

53. B for example。第二段第一句是一个概括句，与该句讲的都是同一件事情，该句是对第一句的举例说明。不可能是表转折的词，故该题选for example。

54. D above。该题考查的是联系上下文的能力及above的用法。“that decisions must be imposed from  above without consultation”句意为决策一定是由上级强制执行而不经过讨论。above有上级的意思。如，an order from above上级的命令。

55. C managing。文章第一段以麦格雷戈两大管理理论引出对管理员工的讨论。全文都在讨论员工管理问题，故该题选managing 。

56. B contribute。该题所在句破折号后面的内容是对“the consultative nature of decision-making” 的解释说明，并且前文有“Unlike authoritarian management”的信息点作为提示。因此，需要部门或工作小组所有的人员都在决策制定过程中做贡献，故该题选contribute。

57. A agreement。第二段主要介绍了专制性管理，而第三段开始描述亚洲的民主决策的管理方式。本句提到西方模仿亚洲的管理方式。而这种管理方式需要得到大多数管理人员的认同，故答案为agreement。

58. D male。由前半句中“Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men”的信息可以判断这里谈论的是成为高效的管理人员，女士与男士相比的优势所在，故该题选择male。

59. A asking。从前半句得知：最近的趋势是鼓励雇员发挥主动性，即做自己做决定而不需要先询问管理人员。故选择asking。

60.C reducing。该题所在句冒号后的内容是用来解释downsizing的意思。downsizing是缩小规模的意思，故该空选择reducing。即减少公司的管理层人数。

61. B left。由上文得知，对管理层的人员进行削减自然会导致公司只剩下a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees。所以选left。

62. B traditionally。该题考查上联系下文能力。综合理解，empowerment是一中新的管理倾向，因此much further 自然是和传统的管理方式进行比较，其它选项不具有干扰性。

63. D ensure。授权和委托意味着新的管理模式来保证业务计划的进行，这里to do 表示目的，to ensure 即表示为了保证总体业务计划的进行。

64. A virtual。另外的一种趋势及off-site，这里有or，说明该单词与off-site并列，但不知道off-site词义也没关系，根据后文teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知，这种管理方式不是传统的公司管理，而是通过互联网，因此A选项表示虚拟的，符合题意。

65. C performance。由后文可知，管理人员是通过what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them来evaluate（评价）员工的表现，故选择performance。

改编来源：

Section B

Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

真题：

（B）

   Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

3.5℃

This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.

 2℃

To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.

 1.5℃

This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.

 0.8℃

This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.

 0℃

The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.

70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8℃      B. 1.5℃   C. 2℃      D. 3.5℃

答案与解析：

70-72 DDB

70. D 本题为主旨大意题，第一段大意是人类从发现自己的行为与气候变化有联系以来一直采取措施减少二氧化碳排放从而减缓气候变暖。本题很容易，选项ABC很容易排除。

71. D 本题为细节题，可以用数字2100进行定位。按照巴黎协定进行减排温度还是会上升3.5℃，而最小的目标是2℃。选项A人口增加没有提到，选项B文中提到的是海滨城市的物种，选项C与文意相悖。

72. B 本题为细节题，让海平面低的岛国幸存下来，温度最多只能升高1.5℃。文中第三段提到的温度上升2℃会使一些岛国下沉，第四段以一个地势低的国家Kiribati为例指出温度上升控制在1.5℃可以挽救这个国家。

来源：应该是关于*2015巴黎气候协定*(Paris Agreement)的。因为涉及到的国家比较多，提出的要求也较高，所以在去年开会时争论比较激烈。从1997的*京都议定书* （Kyoto Protocol）开始，世界性的环境保护峰会曾多次展开，也包括之前的哥本哈根气候峰会（Copenhagen Summit）。相关的新闻报道，论坛文章，以及学术文章都很多：比如EU 的官方homepage, BBC以及Scientificameirican都有相关的报道和评述。

真题：

(C)

     Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.

     The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.

   “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.

    It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.

    Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.

    Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.

   Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.

The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.

73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?

A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.

B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.

C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.

D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.

74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.

A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme

B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think

C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale

D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models

75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.

A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old

B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand

C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future

D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of

76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.

A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites

B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark

C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark

D. avoid providing too much personal information

77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Say no to social media?

B. New security rules in operation?

C. Accept without reading?

D. Administration matters!

答案与解析：

73. A   74. B   75. D     76. B       77. C

73. A。细节题。根据原文第二段“...firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts ”，使用社交媒体时，这些网络公司会让使用者在使用该社交媒体前同意某协议，类似于签署法律合同的性质。故选A。

74. B。细节题。根据原文第五段，Nigel Shadbolt这个人名首次出现；他认为如果人们参与了这项调查，会认为他们自己会关注这个认证标识；但紧接着，最后一句what would happen in practice is another matter，指出实际操作可能是另一回事，暗示与人们想当然的认为相反。故选B。

75. D。细节题。根据原文倒数第三段，Miller认为，社交媒体需要关注是因为新；另外，“我们尚不清楚孩子们在社交媒体上做的不理智的事情将来会有什么长期影响。”故选D。

76. B 。细节题。根据原文最后两句，如果得到有效监管，认证标识可以帮助人们确切了解他们签订了什么协议，但前提还是建议大家真正去读一读。故选B。

77. C。归纳概括题。根据原文，作者没有否定社交媒体，故排除A；而是呼吁社交媒体使用者们在签署使用协议前，可以仔细阅读一下协议的内容。由此可排除其他选项，故选C。

真题：

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.

In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.

A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times. It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.

According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.

A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”

Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4m high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking.

The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.

In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.

(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?

79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?

80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.

81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.

答案与解析：

78. The majority of escalators hasn’t been made full use of.

79. It proved that passengers can go quicker by standing still.

80. 18.5m

81. standing only and a mix of walking and standing

78. The majority of escalators hasn’t been made full use of. 细节题。根据原文第三段“only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.”得知“左行右立”的方案使得高峰时期很多人等在左侧，而右侧留出大部分空间，导致电梯未被充分利用。本题的难度在于理解和归纳。

79. It proved that passengers can go quicker by standing still. 细节题。根据原文第四段，Peter McNaught认为“It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true.”正确答案并不难归纳。

80. 18.5m。细节题。根据原文第五段“Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking.”得知18.5m以上的电梯若禁止行走能更有效地充分利用电梯。换句话说，高度至少是18.5m以上的电梯应在高峰时期禁止行走。

81. standing only and a mix of walking and standing。细节题。根据原文最后一段，“…one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.”得知试验中一共有三种电梯，一种是“standing only”，还有一种是“banning walking at peak times”，第三种是“a mix of walking and standing”。本题题干中提到的是第二种，所以答案应该是第一和第三种。本题难点在于考查学生是否够仔细。

来源：

第II卷(共47分)

I.     Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。（hope）

2.二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展。（witness）

3.为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？（point）

4.虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。（too…to…）

5.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。（The moment…）

答案及解析：

1. I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday.

2. The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy.

3. What is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? / Is there any point (in) lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes?

4. Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears.

5. The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy

第1题，考查了hope加从句的最基本用法，成语“有朝一日”翻译成someday即可，能见报理解为在报纸上出版，所以可以翻译成“be published in a newspaper”

第2题，考查了“witness”表示“见证”的用法，此处用时间“the late twentieth century”做主语。

第3题，考查了“point”的意思，是意义；“通宵”的翻译即the whole night；另外对句意的理解，本题既可以理解成“有没有意义？”，翻译成一般疑问句，也可以理解成“有什么意义？”，翻译成特殊疑问句

第4题，考查了too…to…的用法，太…以至于不能…；感动到落泪应是“be moved to tears”

第5题，考查了“The moment”表示那一刻，获得文凭gain the diploma；欣喜万分be filled with joy。

II. Guided Writing

   Directions:  Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

   假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：

1.       描述调研数据；

2.       分析可能导致这一结果的原因。

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