状语从句语法点

用来修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。根据其作用不同可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的、比较、让步等状语从句。

一、时间状语从句

时间状语从句的引导词有 when (当……时), as (当……时),while ( 当……时), till/until ( 直到……), since ( 自从……以来),before ( 在 …… 之前 ), after ( 在 …… 之后 ), as soon as ( 一 ……就……), by the time (到……时)等。

1．when, while 和 as 引导的从句

(1)when 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。when 引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时。如：

She was reading a book when I came into the room.

当我走进房间时，她正在看书。

(2)while 强调主句和从句动作同时发生，或主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，且多用进行时态。如：

My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.

我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。

(3)as 表示“一边……一边……”，强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词。如：

As they walked along the lake, they sang happily.

他们一边沿着湖边走，一边高兴地唱歌。

2．till/until 引导的从句

(1)若主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则主句用肯定式或否定式皆可，只是意思不同。如：

They worked till it was dark.

他们一直工作到天黑。

They didn't work until it was dark.

直到天黑他们才开始工作。

(2)若主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。如：

The bus won't start until everybody gets on.

公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。

3．since 引导的从句

since 表示“自从……以来”，主句谓语动词一般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用过去时。如：

We have been here since we came to Guangzhou.

自从我们来到广州，我们就一直在这里。

4．before 和 after 引导的从句

before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；

after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如：

Check it carefully before you hand it in.

交上来之前请仔细核对一下。

He went to bed after he finished his work.

他做完工作后就去睡觉了。

5．as soon as 引导的从句

as soon as 表示“一……就……”，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。如：

I'll telephone you as soon as I get home.

我一到家就给你打电话。

二、原因状语从句

原因状语从句的引导词有 because (因为), since (因为，既然), as (因为，由于), for (因为)等。如：

He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.

他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。

Since you are free, you can help him.

既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。

As it was raining hard, they had to stay at home.

由于正下大雨，他们不得不待在家里。

It's going to rain, for it's getting darker.

快下雨了，因为天越来越黑。

注意：because 和 so 不能同时使用。

三、地点状语从句

地点状语从句的引导词有 where (哪里), wherever (无论哪里)。如：

Wherever you go, I'll be right here waiting for you.

无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。

I'd like to go where the air is very fresh.

我想去空气比较清新的地方。

四、条件状语从句

条件状语从句的引导词有 if (如果), unless (除非，如果……不), as long as (只要)等。

在条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：

I will go to the park if I am free tomorrow.

如果明天有空，我将去公园。

五、比较状语从句

比较状语从句的引导词有 as...as (和……一样), than (比)等。如：

It was not as wet as it is today.

那天不像今天这样湿。

六、目的状语从句

目的状语从句的引导词有 so that (以便), in order that (为了)等。如：

He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.

他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。

七、结果状语从句

结果状语从句的引导词有 so/such...that... ( 如此……以至于……)等。如：

He is so honest that he can't tell lies.

他很诚实，不会说谎。

It is such a heavy box that no one can move it.

这是一个很重的箱子，谁也搬不动它。

注意：so...that...和 such...that...的区别：

(1)so...that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“so＋形容词/副词＋that 从句”。如：

She is so beautiful that we all like her.

她如此美丽以至于我们都喜欢她。

(2)such...that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“such (＋a/an)＋形容词＋可数名词/不可数名词＋that 从句”。如：

It's such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.

天气如此之好，每个人都想去爬山。

They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.

这些花如此漂亮，女孩把它们全买了下来。

(3)当名词前有 much, many, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so。如：

There are so many people in the park that I don't want to go in.

公园里有那么多人以至于我不想进去。

(4)当 little 意为“小”时，仍用 such。如：

She was such a little girl that we couldn't see her when she stood in the crowd.

她是如此娇小的女孩，以至于当她站在人群里我们都看不到她。

八、让步状语从句

让步状语从句的引导词有 though/although ( 虽 然 ), even though/if (即使，尽管)等。如：

Although/Though it was dark, he went on with his work.

虽然天都黑了，但是他仍继续工作。

注意：although/though 不能和 but 连用。

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