初中构词学习法(三)
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派生法 1. 前缀 除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀 un- unhappy unfinished undress dis- disagree disbelieve in- [il-(在字母l前),im- (在字母m,b,p前),ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular mis- misbehave mislead mistake non- nonstop nonsmoker (2)表示其他意义的前缀 en- “使……” enrich enlarge encourage inter- “相互” international intercontinental re- “再,又,重” rethink retell recycle tele- “远程的” telescope telephone telegraph auto- “自动的” automatic automobile co- “共同” coworker cooperate coexist anti- “反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi- “多” multistory multicultural multicolor bi- “双,二” bicycle bilingual bilateral micro- “极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer over- “太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate self- “自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate 2. 后缀 (1)形容词后缀 -able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable -al “与……有关的” physical, magical, political -an “属于某地方的人” American African -ern “方向” southern, northern, eastern -ful/ less “(没)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless -ish “如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish -ive “有……倾向的” active attractive expensive -en “由……制成的” golden wooden woolen -ous “有(性质)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous -ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily -y “构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy (2)名词后缀 -er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container -ese “某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese -ian “某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician -ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist,socialist -ess “表女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess -ment “行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement -ness “性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness -tion “动作,过程,结果” invention, organization, translation -ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence -th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful “(满的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful -(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability -al “过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval -y “性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty -dom “处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom -age “状态,行为,身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage (3)动词后缀 -fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en “使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden -ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize (4)副词后缀 -ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily -ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards (5)数词后缀 -teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen -ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty -th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth 点击可查看更多初中英语资讯:上海初中英语 |
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