英语定语从句学习要点大汇总（二）

3. 关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句

对于“介词+关系代词”结构，同学们主要应注意两点，一是要判断其中的关系代词是用which还是whom（看它是指人还是指物），二是要判断其中介词的正确选用。下面给同学们归纳方法。

(1) 根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配来判断介词

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)

I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb)

(2) 根据定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配来判断介词

He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)

(3) 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来判断介词

This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)

I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)

(4) 根据所属关系确定of which (whom)结构

On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand. 老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the meaning of the sentence)

(5) 根据整体与部分的关系确定of which (whom)结构

I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英语词典，其中最好的是朗文词典。(注意搭配of the five dictionaries)

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多数公共汽车已经上满了人，周围是一伙愤怒的群众。(注意搭配most of the buses)

(6) 根据同位关系确定of which (whom)结构

Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的两个儿子都在国外工作，今天早上给她来了电话。(注意搭配both of her sons)

注：关系副词when, where和why有时也可以用“介词＋which”替代，其中介词的选用也需视句中的搭配而定。

4. 关于“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构

“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构是一种紧缩的定语从句。在正式文体中，当引导定语从句的关系代词用作介词的宾语时，有时可用“介词+关系代词+不定式”这样的结构来简化定语从句。如：

她必须有冷静下来时的时间。

正：She must have time in which she can grow calm.

正：She must have time in which to grow calm.

给我一点时间换衣服。

正：Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.

正：Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.

他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。

正：He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom he could quarrel.

正：He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.

若语义清楚，且结构恰当，“介词+关系代词+不定式”有时可进一步将其中的关系代词省略，而只保留介词和不定式(介词要移至不定式之后，且当先行词为表时间的名词时，该介词通常省略)。如：

She must have time to grow calm (in). 她必须有冷静下来时的时间。

Allow me one minute to change my clothes (in). 给我一点时间换衣服。

He was miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with. 他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。

值得指出的是，“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，并且该介词也不能位于不定式后面。如：

在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)

正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)

正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)

误：There the children had a garden which to play in.

如果想要咨询相关课程内容可以拨打免费电话：400-820-5040！或者直接访问查看我们相关课程详情页面：高中英语培训

• 下一篇：英语定语从句学习要点大汇总（一）