哪些英语成分可以省略

一、省略状语

—What is Wei Fang doing on the playground? 魏芳在操场上干什么?

—She is playing basketball (on the playground). 她在打篮球。

—Why is Jim standing under the tree? 吉姆为什么站在树下?

—Because he is waiting for his friend (under the tree). 因为他在等朋友。

二、省略小品词

 (1) 感、知觉动词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to) 、使(have, make) 、让(let, leave) 动词后的不定式作宾补时，小品词to须省略。如：

Did you see a yellow dog pass here? 你看见一条黄狗从这儿过去了吗?

The boss made the workers work more than ten hours a day. 老板是工人们每天工作十多个小时。

Let me see. 让我想想。

(2) and连接两个不定式时，前一个不定式带to，而后一个不定式不能带to。如：

The teacher told the students to be quiet and write down the words on a sheet of paper. 老师要学生们安静下来，把单词写到一张纸上。

(3) but, except等连接两个不定式时，若but, except前面有动词do的某种形式，则他们后面的不定式的to须省略。如：

He could do nothing but wait there. 他只能等在那儿。

She had nothing to do except play. 她除了玩没有任何事做。

(4) 当不定式作表语时，如果主语从句中含有do的某种形式时，不定式的to 须省略。如：

The first thing she did was go and thank her dear teacher. 她所做的第一件事就是去感谢她亲爱的老师。

What we can do now is wait for help. 现在我们所能做的就是等待着援助。

(5) help后面的不定式的to可省略也可不省略。如：

Can you come and help me (to) write the essay, please? 请来帮助我写这篇文章好吗?

三、连词that的省略

 (1) 宾语从句中的that 可以省略，但当多个宾语从句并列时，只能省略第一个that。如:

He told us (that) his bike was broken down on his way here. 他告诉我们说，他在来这里的路上，但车坏了。

She said (that) she wanted to learn English well and that she wanted to be an translator. 她说她想把英语学好，并且想当翻译。

(2) 定语从句中的that作从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。如：

The man (that) you met just now is Mike’s brother. 你刚才会到的那个人是迈克的兄弟。

The dictionary (that) you bought yesterday is very good. 你昨天买的那本词典很好。

(3) 当主语中有do的某种形式时，表语从句前面的that 可以省略。如：

The first thing I want to do is (that) I can learn my lessons well. 我想做的第一件事就是把功课学好。

What I like to do now is (that) we can have a good rest. 我现在想做的事就是好好的休息一会儿。

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