定语从句重点和难点解析（二）

五、who 与 that

Who ______ has seen him do not like him?

A. that                     B. who                     C. he                       D. she

此题应选A。其余几项均有可能被选。当先行词指人时, 引导定语从句是用who还是用that, 主要应注意以下几点：

1. 在通常情况下, 两者常可换用。

2. 在下列情况, 两者都可用, 但用that比who更常见：

(1) 先行词是all, nobody, no one, someone, anyone等时：

All that heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。

Have you met anybody that has been to Paris? 你遇见过去过巴黎的人吗?

(2) 先行词受序数词, 最高级以及only, same等修饰时：

He’s the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中间唯一懂法语的人。

3. 在下列情况通常只用that：

(1) 当先行词是一既指人又指物的并列词组时：

He made a speech on the men and things that he’d

seen abroad. 他就在国外见到的人和事作了报告。

(2) 当先行词是who时：

Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?

有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?

(3) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时：

Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

六、是非限制性定语从句还是并列句

—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.

—It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.

A. these, them         B. which, which        C. those, which        D. which, them

此题应选 D。很容易误选A, B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句, 所以其后填which), 而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句, 所以其后填them)。请做以下类似题(注意and, but等的有无)：

1. a. He has two sons, but neither of ___is clever.

b. He has two sons, neither of ____ is clever.

A. them, them           B. whom, whom

C. them, whom         D. whom, them

2. a. Mr. Smith made a lot of money, most of____ was spent helping the poor.

b. Mr. Smith made a lot of money, and most of____ was spent helping the poor.

A. it, it                      B. which, which        C. it, which               D. which, it

类似地, 以下一题也与but, and这类词的有无相关：

3. ____many times, but he still couldn’t remember.

A. Having been told    B. Being told

C. Having told           D. He was told

答案：1. C 2. D 3. D

七、你会用关系代词as吗

Don’t make friends with such young men ______ don’t work hard.

A. that                     B. as                        C. who                     D. they

此题应选B。容易误选A, C。句中的as是关系代词, 句意为：不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可换成：

正：Don’t make friends with young men who [that] don’t work hard.

正：Don’t make friends with those young men who [that] don’t work hard.

as用作关系代词(用作主语或宾语), 主要用法如下：

1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引导限制性定语从句：

Don’t talk about such things as you don’t under-stand. 不要谈你不懂的东西。

Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praised him. 听过他谈话的人都称赞他。

I told him the same story as you told me. 我给他讲的故事与你给我讲的故事一样。

2. 单独用作关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前(常译为“正如”)或之后(常译为“这一点”)：

As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 正如前面所说, 语法不是一套死规则。

He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from his accent. 他是个外国人, 这从他的口音可以得知。

If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we will not receive him. 如果他再像以往那样迟到, 我们就不接待他了。

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