倒装句重点和难点解析（二）

五、not only…but (also)…连接句子时的倒装

Not only ______ a great writer, but ______ a great fighter.

A. he is, he is           B. is he, is he           C. is he, he is           D. he is, is he

此题应选C。即not only…but…位于句首连接两个句子时, 通常前面一句(not only…)要倒装, 而后面一句(but…)则不倒装(即所谓的“前倒后不倒”)。又如：

Not only did he complain about the food, but heal so refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭不好, 而且还拒绝付钱。

Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 我们不仅丢了所有的钱, 而且差点丧了命。

比较以下两结构：

1. not until…放在句首时, 要用 not until＋状语(从句)＋倒装的主句(即所谓的“后倒前不倒”——注意联系英语中的“否定词位于句首要倒装”)：

Not until the teacher came did we leave. 直到老师来我们才离开。

Not until the war was over did he return home. 直到战争结束他才返回家乡。

2. so＋adj. / adv…(that)…放在句首, 通常要倒装前面的主句, 而后面的从句不倒装(即所谓的“前倒后不倒”)：

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光传播得这样快, 以致于我们无法想象它的速度。

六、涉及主语一致的倒装

In the letter ______ these words, “I love you”.

A. was    B. were    C. saw    D. found

此题应选B。选项A, C, D都有可能被误选。

对于此题, 考生首先要弄清它是一个倒装句, 其正常词序为：These words "I love you" were in the letter. 为了结构紧凑和平衡, 才使用此倒装句式。又如：

轮船上有2000余人。

正：On the ship were more than 2000 people.

正：More than 2000 people were on the ship.

值得注意的是, 以上这类倒装句, 还涉及主谓一致问题：

墙后是一些高树子。

正：Behind the wall are some tall trees.

误：Behind the wall is some tall trees.

老师四周围着一些年轻的学生。

正：Around the teacher were some young students.

误：Around the teacher was some young students.

这两座山之间有一个小村庄。

正：Between the two hills was a small village.

误：Between the two hills were a small village.

盒子里有一些小球。

正：In the box are some small balls.

误：In the box is some small balls.

这类句子, 有的考生之所出错, 是因为他们把句首的介词短语看作主语, 从而把谓语与介词短语中的名词保持一致。

关于这个问题, 有个比较简单的方法可以判定：即在英语中介词短语通常不能作主语, 假若一个句子的主语位置是一个介词短语, 考生应考虑是否是一个倒装句。

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