中考英语非谓语动词语法解析（三）

考点6：考查不定式省略to的用法

不定式省略to主要见于以下情况：

1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不能带to。如：

I will have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。

Please let me know what happens. 请告诉我发生的事。

They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。

但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to。如：

She must be made to comply with the rules. 必须让她遵守规则。

2. 当不定式用于感觉动词（如see, hear, watch, notice, feel等）后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如：

I heard him say so. 我听到他这样说。

I saw the train come into the station. 我看到火车进站了。

I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。

但是，当它们用于被动语态时，则其后的不定式必须带to。如：

The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。

3. 当不定式用于动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to（当然也可以带to）。如：

They helped us (to) move it. 他们帮我们搬动它。

I can help (to) cook and wash up. 我可以帮忙做饭和洗碗。

【考例1】The woman made his son ________ finally after she told him some jokes. (吉林通化中考题)

A. laughed           B. to laugh            C. laugh                D. laughing

【分析】答案选C。当make用作使役动词时，若其后接不定式作宾语补足语，该不定式不能带to。又如：They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。

【考例2】The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people ________ their money. (江苏宿迁中考题)

A. to care for        B. took care of      C. be careful with  D. to be cared about

【分析】答案选C。当make用作使役动词时，若其后接不定式作宾语补足语，该不定式不能带to。又如：They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。

考点7：考查不定式用作宾语补足语

能后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词很多，但中考英语中经常涉及的只有少数几个，即ask, tell, order, use, want, warn, wish等。如：

He asked me to get the car ready. 他叫我把车准备好。

The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生叫我戒烟。

He ordered us to be quiet. 他命令我们安静。

People use a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。

He warned me not to going out at night. 他警告我不要晚上出去。

My parents wanted me to have a good education. 我的父母想要我受到良好的教育。

注意，动词hope习惯上不用于以上类似表达，所以当表示汉语“希望某人做某事”时，不能用hope sb to do sth。如：

史密斯先生希望他所有的学生都能考及格。

误：Mr Smith hopes all of his students to pass the test.

正：Mr Smith hopes that all of his students can pass the test.

【考例1】My roommate often asks me ________ her to play chess. (山西中考题)

A. teach                B. teaching           C. to teach            D. teaches

【分析】答案选C。考查ask sb to do sth（叫某人做某事）句式。又如：She asked him to wake her at 6 o’clock. 她请他在六点钟叫醒她。

【考例2】He’ll use what he has ________ her a new dress. (江苏无锡中考题)

A. bought             B. to buy                C. buying              D. been bought

【分析】答案选B。考查use sth to do sth（使用某物做某事）句式。又如：I use knife to cut the apple. 我用刀子切苹果。

考点8：考查不定式作目的状语

当非谓语动词用作目的状语时，通常要用不定式，一般不用动名词或分词。如：

I stayed there to see what would happen. 我留在那里看看会发生什么事。

Eat to live, but do not live to eat. 要为了活着而吃饭，不要为了吃饭而活着。

当需要强调时，可在不定式前加上in order或so as。如：

In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 为了考入一个好的学校，我必须更加用功。

I’ll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。

【考例1】More and more young people are trying to do something ________ the old. (河北中考题)

A. served              B. to serve             C. serve                 D. serves

【分析】答案选B。其中的不定式to serve the old用作目的状语。句意为：越来越多的人在试图为老年人做点什么。

【考例2】—________ more about tomorrow’s weather, call 121.

—OK, I will. Thank you. (扬州中考题)

A. Know               B. Knowing           C. To know            D. Known

【分析】答案选C。此处填不定式表目的。句意为：要想了解更多关于明天的天气情况，请拨121。

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