同义句变换的几种类型（二）

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：

1. The manager left two hours ago.

The manager _______ _______ _______ for two hours.

分析：答案为 has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours 这样的一段时间连用，而改成 be away这样的延续性动词后，则连用一般时间。

2. The film began five minutes ago.

The film has been _______ _______ five minutes.

分析：答案为on for。 has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

3. Mr. Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

Mr. Li _______ _______ _______ the Party for twenty years.

答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加，加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join 改成be in 或be a member in…。

五、运用不同引语进行转换

即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。如：

1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

He ______ me that he ______ ______ his wallet.

分析：答案为told, had, found。此题为将直接引语转换成间接引语。

2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.

分析：答案为asked, if / whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

3. He asked me where I had been these days.

“Where ______ ______ ______ these days?” he asked.

分析：答案为have, you, been。此题是将间接引语转换成直接引语。

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换

即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：

1. We didn't go out for a walk because it was raining.

We didn't go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语 because of the rain。

2. He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep.

He was _______ _______ _______ go to sleep.

分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

Now I will show you ______ _______ _______ do the work.

分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

4. You should put them back after you use them.

You should put them back _______ _______ them.

分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

5. She seems to be worried now.

_______ _______ that she _______worried now.

分析：答案为It, seems, is。复合句 It seems / seemed that sb…与简单句sb. seems / seemed to …同义，均表示“某人看起来……”。

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