it用法重点和难点解析（一）

一、你会使用形式主语吗

Is ______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A. this                     B. that                     C. it                             D. he

此题应选C, 其余各项均有一定的干扰性。这里主要考察形式主语it的用法。一般说来, 当主语是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)时, 通常在句首使用形式主语 it, 而把真正的主语放在后面：

Is it necessary to tell his father everything? 有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗?

It is wrong to say anything like that on that occasion. 在那种场合说那样的话是错误的。

It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。

It’ll be wonderful lying on the beach all day. 整天躺在海滩上该是多么妙啊!

It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然, 他读过这本书。

It’s a problem where we could get so much money. 我们到哪里去弄这么多钱, 这是一个难题。

有时可在用作主语的不定式前加上介词 for / of短语：

It is very kind of you to say that. 你这样说, 真是太好了。

It is important for us to keep the balance of nature. 我们要保持生态平衡, 这点很重要。

二、你会使用形式宾语吗

I don’t think ______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

A. this                      B. that                      C. its                        D. it

此题的选项A, B都容易误选。其实此题应选D, 主要考察形式宾语it的使用。一般说来，形式宾语it主要用于以下句型：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。其中的动词通常是 think, find, feel, believe, take, consider, make 等；其中的宾语补足语通常是形容词, 有时是名词；而其中真正的宾语通常是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)：

We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。

He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。

We found it an easy thing to get along with him. 我们发现与他相处很容易。

I think it very strange that he goes out walking

almost every night. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。

有时可在用作宾语的不定式前加上介词 for / of短语：

People felt it impossible for man to fly into the outer space some years ago. 几年前, 人们觉得人不可能飞入太空。

I don’t think it wise for [of] him to choose such a difficult subject. 我认为他选择这样难的学科是不明智的。

三、介绍一种特殊用法的形式宾语

May I take ______ that you have agreed to stay with us.

A. this                     B. that                     C. it                         D. all

此题选C, 这是一种比较特殊的形式宾语。一般说来，形式宾语it主要用于以下句型：动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。也就是说在通常情况下, 要用形式宾语, 原句型应有宾语补足语。以上句型特殊之处就在于：在形式宾语和真正的宾语(名词性从句)之间没有宾语补足语。类似情况有：

I take it (that) you agree. 我以为你同意了。

Lenin has it that imperialism is the last stage of capitalism. 列宁认为帝国主义是资本主义的最后阶段。

Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident. 据报道, 在这次事故中大约在30人丧命。

I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。

I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. (=I can’t answer for his honesty). 我不能保证这个 男孩是诚实的。

I can swear to it that this man stole our money. 我可以发誓, 这个人偷了我们的钱。

四、it用法特例

I hate ______ when people ask me for money.

A. it                          B. that                      C. these                    D. them

此题应选A, 这是it一种比较特殊的用法, 虽然一般书上论述不多, 但它却经常出现在各级各类考试中, 比如1998年的高考英语就有这样一道题：

I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it                B. that C. these                    D. them

此题答案为A。

适合于以上用法的动词不多, 常见的主要有 hate, like, 当它们后面接有when / if从句时, 从句前应有it：

I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。

She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use her bike. 他讨厌别人用她的自行车。

I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

有时动词appreciate后接if从句, 从句前也要用it：

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事, 我会十分感激。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us. 如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。

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