比较级语法重点和难点解析（二）

四、你会使用as……as结构的修饰语吗

After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many      B. as many twice      C. twice as many      D. twice many as

此题应选C。主要考察在比较句型中as……as这一结构修饰语的位置。关于这一问题以下几个方面是命题者经常涉及的考点：

(1) as……as结构有哪些修饰语。主要的有：just, quite, nearly, almost, exactly, half, twice, three times 等：

He is just as tall as his father. 他刚好与他父亲一样高。

It's not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那样难。

(2) 修饰as……as结构的词语的位置：只能放在as……as结构之前, 绝不能插入其中：

This rope is exactly as long as that one. 这根绳子与那根绳子恰好一样长。

He hasn't been quite so unlucky as he pretends. 他不像他装的那样不幸。

(3) as……as 结构的其它注意点：该结构一定要用形容词或副词的原级, 不能用比较级或最高级。在肯定句中要用 as……as, 但是在否定句中用as……as / so……as均可：

The horse is getting old and can't run as [so]fast as it did. 这匹马老了, 不如以前跑得快了。

五、你能正确理解 no＋比较级＋than 结构吗

A：Is he very rich?

B：No, not at all. He’s ____ richer than a beggar.

A. not                      B. no                        C. much                   D. more

此题应选B。容易误选A, 误认为这是一般的肯定句变为否定句, 用not不用no。其实此题要选B, 句意为“他跟乞丐一样穷”。其中的 no＋比较级＋than 意为“与……一样不”, 否定两者, 大致相当于该比较级形容词或副词的反义词。如：

(1) a. This box is not bigger than that one. 这个盒子不如那个盒子大。

b. This box is no bigger than that one. 这个盒子与那个盒子一样不大。(=This box is as small as that one)

(2) a. He didn't arrive earlier than Mary. 他没有比玛丽来得早。

b. He arrived no earlier than Mary. 他与玛丽一样来得不早。(=He arrived as late as Mary)

类例：no taller than＝as short as 一样矮

no more clever than＝as foolish as 一样蠢

注意以下句型也属类似情况：no more……than表示对两者都否定, 意为“同……一样不”(＝neither……nor)：

He's no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家, 也不是作家(正如他不是画家一样, 他也不是作家)。

(=He is neither a painter nor a writer. )

A whale is no more a fish than a horse. 马不是鱼, 鲸也不是鱼(正如马不是鱼一样, 鲸也不是鱼)。

(Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish)

六、你会正确区分older / elder, farther / further吗

— Who is ____, Jim or Jack?

— Jim and his father wants to send him to the US for ____ education.

A. older, farther      B. older, further      C. elder, farther      D. elder, further

此题应选B, 主要考察older / elder和farther / further的区别：

1. 关于older / elder：

(1) 用于家人之间表示长幼关系, 通常用elder(在美国英语中也用 older)：one's elder [older] brother 哥哥 / the elder [older] daughter 大女儿

(2) elder只指人不指物, 只用作定语, 不用作表语, 且不用于比较句型, 但older无此限制：

误：He is elder than me.

正：He is older than me. 他年纪比我大。

误：Which building is elder, this one or that one?

正：Which building is older, this one or that one?

这座建筑和那座建筑哪座古老些?

2. 关于 farther / further：

(1) 在英国英语中, 两者均可用来指距离(但美国英语倾向于用 farther)：

Can you go any farther [further]? 你还走得动吗?

(2) 若用于引申义, 表示“更进一步”、“更多”等义, 则只能用further：

We'll further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。

3. eldest / oldest, farthest / furthest的区别同上。

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