被动句重点和难点解析（二）

四、带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律

主动：He answered me the question. (正)

被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)

被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)

本题涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：

1、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语), 这类动词主要的有：buy, give, lend, pay, show, teach, tell, offer, leave, award 等：

他给了她一些钱。

主动：He gave her some money. (正)

被动：She was given some money by him. (正)

被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)

2、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do, make, pass, sell, sing, write 等：

他给她写了封信。

主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)

被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)

被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)

3、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语, 这类动词主要的有：answer, refuse, save, spare, deny, envy 等：

他们不允许我入场。

主动：They refused me admittance. (正)

被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)

被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)

五、“get＋过去分词”也是被动语态吗

Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour.

A. pay                      B. paying                  C. paid                      D. to pay

此题应选 C。句意为“大城市的清洁女工通常按小时计报酬”。句中的get paid也是一种被动语态。再如：

They all got punished. 他们都受到了惩罚。

How did it get broken? 它是怎样打破的?

Our house is getting painted. 我们的房子要刷漆。

They are to get married. 他们要结婚了。

关于“be＋过去分词”与“get+过去分词”的区别：

1. 总的说来, 构成被动语态用be的情形多, 用get 的情形少。在现代英语中用get 构成被动语态主要见于口语或非正式文体中。

2. 从含义上看, 用get构成的被动语态多侧重指动作的结果而非动作本身, 并且这种结构尤其用于谈论一些人们未曾料到的突发事件。试体会：

The dog got killed by the car. 狗被汽车压死了。

He got caught by the police driving at 60 kms through Cambridge. 他在穿过剑桥时车速为60公里, 所以被警察抓住。

有人认为用get构成的被动语态不能与by短语连用, 其实在现代英语中是可以这样用的(见上例)。

3. 另外若句中用了in the end..., at long last...等也通常可用get构成被动语态：

In the end he got invited. 最后还是邀请了他。

六、用主动表被动的常见动词

The pen ______ quite smoothly.

A. writes                  B. is written             C. has written          D. is to be written

此题应选A。英语中有些及物动词在用作不及物动词时, 虽然形式上为主动, 但意义上却是被动, 这种用法主要见于一般现在时的情况(有时也可能是将来时、进行时等)：

Meat cuts easily. 肉容易切。

The book sells well. 这书销路好。

My coat caught on a nail. 我的衣服被钉子钩住了。

This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布很经洗。

Good leather will wear for years. 好的皮革可以穿好几年。

The book is printing. 这本正在印刷。

The house is building. 房子正在建筑中。

The book is selling well. 这书销路好。

尽管以上各例有时也可以直接使用被动语态形式：

Good leather will be worn for years.

The book is being printed.

但是在实际运用中，用主动表被动的情况更普遍。不过值得注意的是：像本题所涉及的这样的例子却只能用主动表被动：The pen writes quite smoothly. (这笔写起来很流畅)，因为若直接用被动语态：*The pen is written quite smoothly. 那么它相应的主动语态即为：*He writes the pen quite smoothly. 这显然是荒唐的。

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