时态语法重点和难点解析（二）

四、will do与be going to do有何差别

—I’ve come out without any money.

—Never mind I ______ you some.

A. am going to lend   B. will lend               C. have lent             D. am to lend

此题应选B。容易误选A。这里主要谈一谈有关“will＋动词原形”和“be going to＋动词原形”的区别：

在通常情况下两者都可表示将来时间和意图，且有时可换用：

我不会告诉你这事的。

正：I won’t tell you about it.

正：I’m not going to tell you about it.

但是此时要注意：若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的, 则通常要用be going to；若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑, 而是在说话的当时才临时想到的, 则通常用will, 且以上两种情况通常不能换用。比较并体会：

1. —Come to the party. 来参加晚会吧。

—OK, I’ll bring my boyfriend. 好的, 我把我的男朋友也带来。(临时想法)

2. —Where is the telephone book? 电话薄在哪?

—I’ll get it for you. 我去给你拿。(临时想法)

3. —Why are you taking it out? 干吗要把它拿出来?

—I’m going to wash it. 我想把它洗一洗。 (事先考虑)

4. —Have you bought a typewriter? 你买了台打字机吗?

—Yes. I’m going to learn to type. 是的，我想学打字。(事先考虑)

五、怎样正确理解现在完成时

You don’t need to describe her. I ______ her several times.

A. had met               B. have met             C. met                     D. meet

此题应选 B。主要考察现在完成时的用法。现在完成时是各类考试的常考考点, 其基本用法有两种：

一、持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)：指的是动作过去发生, 但在过去并未完成, 而是从过去一直持续到现在。此时多半有表示持续性的时间状语(如for 5 years, since 1990)。

二、影响性用法(或叫已完成用法)：指的是动作过去发生, 且在过去已经完成, 但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响, 且说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响。现在完成时的这个用法, 一般没有明显的时间状语, 主要通过上下文来理解。

1. —Where ___ the radio? I can’t see it anywhere.

—I ___ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; have put

2. —Who is Jerry Cooper?

—____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the

meeting.

A. Don’t you meet him yet

B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet

D. Haven’t you met him yet

答案：1. B 2. D

六、过去进行时用法一得

I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.

A. just stared           B. was just staring   C. has just stared     D. had just stared

此题应选B。主要考察动词过去进行时的基本用法(即动作在过去某一时刻正在进行)。此题的上文设置比较巧妙：前面的主句用了I don’t think(指现在的看法), 而其后的宾语从句用的是saw(指过去的动作), 也就是说此题的语境是：现在谈论过去的情况, 全句意为：我认为吉姆当时没看见我, (因为)他当时正在朝天空看。

1. My brother ____ while he ____ his bicycle and hurt himself.

A. fell; was riding       B. fell; were riding

C. had fallen; rode       D. had fallen; was riding

2. Tom ____ into the house when no one ______.

A. slipped; was looking                               B. had slipped; looked

C. slipped; had looked                                D. was slipped; looked

3. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny _____ asleep.

A. read; was falling     B. was reading; fell

C. was reading; was falling                         D. read; fell

4. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.

A. has worked           B. was working

C. had been working   D. had worked

5. While I ____ a shower, the telephone rang.

A. took                     B. had taken

C. had been taking     D. was taking

答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D

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