不定代词语法重点和难点解析（一）

一、选这个不定代词全靠语境

A：Is ____ here?

B：No, Bob and Jim have asked for leave.

A. anybody               B. everybody            C. somebody            D. nobody

此题应选B。容易误选A, 认为这是疑问句, 所以要选 A。还有的考生可能会认为选C, 因为某些特殊情况下(比如表示邀请或请求等), some(thing)也可用于疑问句中。 此题的正确答案是B, 此题主要考察的不是不定代词的句型用法, 而是考察在一定的上下文(语境)如何选用适当的不定代词。

该题若不看下句, 选A / C也是可能的, 比如一个人晚上走进一个空房子, 就可能这样问, 其意大致为：这里有人吗?(用somebody比anybody肯定意味更强), 然而联系下句就很错了：首先, No用得很荒唐(既然回答No, 说明这里没有人, 那么答话的人又是什么呢?), 其次从后面的 Bob and Jim have asked for leave(鲍勃和吉姆请假了)来看, 这是显然是一个“查问人数”的情景。这样, 再回头来看看选项B就顺理成章了(Is everybody here? ＝大家到齐了吗?)

以下两题都是测试不定代词在一定上下文的运用, 请你试着选一选(注意语境!)：

(1) I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.

A. everything             B. anything                C. something             D. nothing

(2) The office is empty because ____ has gone home.

A. everyone               B. someone               C. no one                  D. all

答案：1. A 2. A

二、(a) little / (a) few用法要点

If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.

A. less, less              B. fewer, fewer        C. less, fewer           D. fewer, less

此题的正确答案是C。此题主要考察不定代词 little和few 的比较等级及有关用法：little--less--least(修饰不可数名词)；few-- fewer--fewest(修饰可数名词)。

下面小结 (a) few 与 (a) little 的用法及区别：

(1) (a) few之后必须接复数可数名词。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有, 强调“少”, 含有否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少, 但有几个, 强调“有”, 含有肯定意义。试体会：

His theory is very difficult, and few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥, 没有几个人能懂。

His theory is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥, 但是有些人懂。

(2) (a) little之后接不可数名词, little 与 a little其区别跟 few 和a few 之间的区别相同。如：

Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸而我身上带着一点钱。

Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧, 我身上没带什么钱

(3) 一般说来, 在 only, still, quite, not等词之后通常用a few 或 a little, 而在 very, some, the, no, so 等词之后通常用 few 或 little：

I have only a little money. 我只有一点点钱。

Very few people like him. 喜欢他的人很少。

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