系动词的语法解析（一）

发布时间：2017-04-14

作者：Kimmy

来源于：昂立外语网站

一、概说

连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是)，become(成为)，get(变成)，remain(还是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等：

His English is excellent. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)

He is a famous poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)

Money isn’t everything．金钱不是一切。(跟代词)

She was the first to arrive．她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)

Who is upstairs? 谁在楼上？(跟副词)

He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)

He seems to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式)

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(跟动名词)

This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)

二、学习连系动词应注意的两点

1. 关于连系动词后接副词作表语

连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词：

误：His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(可将well改为good)

误：Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)

误：The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)

但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, though, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词：

Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。

The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。

Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧，出租车在外面。

Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。

2. 关于连系动词后接不定式

(1) 连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：

My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。

All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。

My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。

I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。

(2) seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语：

She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。