初中英语介词的语法解析（四）

七、介词后接动词名词的常见搭配

1. 动词+介词to+动名词

(1) admit to doing sth 承认做了某事

(2) apply to doing sth  适用于做某事

(3) object to doing sth 反对做某事

(4) see to doing sth 负责做某事

(5) stick to doing sth 坚持做某事

(6) take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事

2. 动词+宾语+介词to+动名词

(1) apply oneself to doing sth 专心致力于做某事

(2) devote sth to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(3) devote oneself to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(4) limit sth to doing sth 把…限制在做某事的范围内

(5) reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事

3. 动词+名词+介词to+动名词

(1) give one’s life to doing sth 献身于做某事

(2) give one’s mind to doing sth 专心做某事

(3) have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事

(4) have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事

(5) have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事

(6) pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

(7) set one’s mind to doing sth 决心做某事

4. be+形容词+介词to+动名词

(1) be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事

(2) be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

(3) be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事

(4) be reduced to doing sth使某人沦为做某事

(5) be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事

(6) be limited to doing sth把…限制在做某事的范围内

5. 其他结构+介词to+动名词

(1) get down to doing sth开始做某事，认真处理某事

(2) look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

(2) What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何？

八、误用介词的三种情况

1. 多用介词。多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错：

误：We discussed about the plan.

正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。

误：Did he mention about the accident?

正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗?

误：I saw her enter into the bank.

正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。

误：He married with [to] a nurse.

正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。

误：How can contact with you?

正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系?

误：We should serve for the people heart and soul.

正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。

误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over)

正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂?

误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较 a great number of)

正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。

2. 漏用介词。漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响而用错等：

误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理)

正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。

误：He is not a man to be depended.

正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。

误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.

正：He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story. 他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。

误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider …as 中的as 可省略)

正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。

误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.

正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us. 他们坚持要派车来接我们。

误：What he says is worth listening.

正：What he said is worth listening to. 他的话值得一听。

3. 错用介词。错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当地用错：

误：She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人，call at+地点)

正：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。

误：He is engaged with a nurse.

正：He is engaged to a nurse. 他与一位护士订了婚。

误：The sun rises from the east.

正：The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

误：Under his help, I finished it in time.

正：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。

误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.

正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places. 他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。

误：We are familiar to his character.

正：We are familiar with his character. 我们了解他的性格。

误：Help yourself with the fruit.

正：Help yourself to the fruit. 吃点水果吧。

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