解决省略句难题的五大方法（一）

省略是指在不影响句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，将句子中的某些成分省略掉，从而使所表达的内容更加紧凑和简洁。近年来，许多高考试题为增加其灵活性和考查考生综合运用语言的能力，经常利用省略这一手段来编制试题，或考查考生对省略句的判断和理解，或借省略为干扰考查其他相关知识点，并因此出现了不少同学们望而生畏的难题，本文拟就如何应对这类试题作一分析，并为同学们介绍五大攻克省略难题的方法。

一、整句还原法

所谓整句还原法，即指通过分析题干所提供的情景或句子结构，将命题者省略的部分补充完整，然后再根据完整的句子进行分析和答题。如：

1. “What were you trying to prove to the police?”  “_____ I was last night.”

A. That      B. When         C. Where           D. What

分析：此题应选 C，其余三项均有可能误选。做对此题的关键是要明确答语部分为省略句，若将其补充完整，即为：I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. 其中where 引导的是一个宾语从句。请再看以下类似试题：

(1) “What made her so happy?”  “_____ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”

A. That        B. 不填        C. Since          D. For

此题选A，若将其补充完整，即为：That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy.

(2) “What made you so upset?” “_____ my wallet.”

A. Lost        B. Losing       C. Having lost     D. Being lost

此题选B，若将其补充完整，即为：Losing my wallet made me so upset.

(3) “What did she tell you?” “_____ she would be late”

A. That        B. When         C. Where       D. Whether

此题选A，若将其补充完整，即为：She told me that she would be late.

2. I want to improve my English, but I don’t know _____. What can you suggest?

A. when       B. how        C. why         D. where

分析：此题应选 B，其余三项均有可能误选，其实此句为省略句，若将此句补充完整，即为：…but I don’t know how to improve my English. 请看以下类似试题：

(1) I think the door is locked, but I’d better go and make sure it ____.

A. does        B. has         C. was        D. is

答案选D，为 …and make sure it is locked 之省略。

(2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _____.

A. where      B. there       C. which      D. that

答案选C，为I can’t remember which city he comes from 之省略。

(3) He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he _____.

A. had       B. was        C. would       D. sold

答案选C，为He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。

二、常识语境法

常识语境法指的是，同学们在补充省略成分时要充分考虑句子本身的语境，有时还要结合一定的生活常识和学科常识，即补充完整的句子不仅要符合语法，而且要符合情理。如：

1. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than ____love her or more than she loves ____?”

A. you, me      B. she, you     C. I, me       D. I, you

分析：做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为 You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意为“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？”，所以答案应选A。若选其他答案，从语法上也是对的，但不合情理。

2. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.

A. a high     B. a higher     C. the higher     D. the highest

分析：此题答案为B。此句实为Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选A)：

(1) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.

A. a better    B. a best         C. the better        D. the best

(2) “I’ve never found _______ job.” “Congratulations.”

A. a better    B. a best         C. the better        D. the best

(3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, wonderful. We couldn’t have found _______ place.”

A. a better    B. a best         C. the better        D. the best

(4) How cold it is! We’ve never had ______ day this winter.

A. a colder    B. a cold           C. the coldest      D. the colder

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