解决省略句难题的五大方法（二）

发布时间：2017-04-23

作者：Kimmy

来源于：昂立外语网站

三、一致验证法

所谓一致验证法，即指在补充省略成分时，要注意考虑句子结构的前后一致性，此法尤其适合于做因承前省略而拟编的试题。如：

1. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If ______, you’ll have to wait till Friday.

A. not B. can’t C. don’t D. won’t

分析：答案应选A。if not为if I can’t fix it tomorrow 之省略。其中的if I can’t fix it tomorrow与前面的 I can fix it tomorrow一致。注意，此题不能选B，因为句子已省略了主语。下面请再看一个类似的例子：

If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _____, _____.

A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not

此题应选A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意为“如果天气好, 我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。

2. They are different in form but _____ in meaning.

A. not B. no C. aren’t D. don’t

分析：答案选A，but not in meaning为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。又如：

(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _____.

A. killing B. to kill C. killed D. kill

答案选C，but the mother killed 为 but the mother was killed 之省略。

(2) The apartment’s fine for two people, but _____.

A. no more B. no any C. not more D. not any

答案选C，but not more 为 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。

四、语法分析法

英语中有些省略是由特定的语法现象造成的，同学们在做题时首先要确定句子的省略涉及什么语法结构或语法现象等，然后再根据相应的语法知识来分析作答。如：

1. “Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?” “Oh, _______ must your two pet dogs.”

A. it B. they C. that D. which

分析：许多同学可能认为此题应选B，因为其后的your two pet dogs为复数。但实际上，此题的最佳答案就是A，不仅涉及强调句型这一考点，而且是其省略形式，此句若补充完整，即为：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.

2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.

A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget

分析：此题最佳答案为A。考查had better后接动词原形的用法。但是考题中将you had better这一结构省略成better，致使许多同学一时看不出来。又如：

Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。

Better have the operation right now. 你最好还是现在就动手术。

3. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer _____, thank you.”

A. not to B. to not C. not D. can’t

分析：答案选A，I’d prefer not to 为 I’d prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意，在该省略结构中，用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。请看类例：

(1) “Shall I give the dog a chocolate?” “It’s better _____.”

A. not to B. to not C. don’t D. can’t

答案选A，为It’s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略。注意，不定式的否定式要将not 置于不定式符号to 之前，而不是之后。

(2) I would mend your radio, but I don’t know _____.

A. how B. to C. how to D. to how

答案选C，为 but I don’t know how to mend it 之省略。

五、逻辑推断法

有的省略试题难度比较大，不仅涉及语法知识、生活常识等，而且还要求考生根据题干所提供的信息进行逻辑推理。如：

1. She’s too thin. She _____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.

A. would, ate B. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate

分析：此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首 She’s too thin 这一所给信息可知，“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，“吃得少”就会引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就会导致“胖”，由于根据句首的信息，“她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，所以第二空应填 eats(即用一般现在时表示客观事实)。根据上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为客观事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词 but)，所以第一空应填 would。其实，此句可理解为but前省略了一个条件状语 if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。所以，此题最佳答案选C。

2. “Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” “_____.”

A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really

分析：答案选B，答句是对针对 You never sleep in class, do you? 这一问句来回答的，Yes, sometimes 为 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略，其意为“不，上课有时睡觉”。若选其余几项，均会导致逻辑不通。请看类例：

“You’ve never been to the village, have you?” “_____. It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen.”

A. No, never B. No, I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once

分析：答案选D，Yes, only once 为 Yes, I have. But I’ve been there only once. 之省略，句意为“不，我去过，但只去过一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I’ve ever seen 表明“我”去过那儿，所以不能选A。