高中英语强调句的若干问题（二）

二、强调句所强调的成分

这种结构可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，宾补，状语，包括名词性从句和状语从句。例如：

原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调主语：It was Tom that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.

强调句的具体使用情况，现在分述如下：

强调主语

主语指人时，可以用that或who；主语指物时，只能用that。例如：

It was John that (who) wore a white suit at the dance last night.

It was a police officer that (who) signaled him to stop.

It was a bunch of red roses that she left us.

It is what he said that I failed to recall.

主语是人称代词时，一般用主格，在非正式文体中也可以用宾格。例如：

It is me who am to blame.

强调宾语

如果宾语指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，例如：

It was John and his brother that (who, whom) we met in the park last week.

It is me that (who, whom) he gave the book.

但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.更常用，所以间接宾语常常被介词宾语所代替。

强调介词宾语

It was the children that he gave the apples to.

It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文体)

It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式文体)

It was to me that she showed the picture.

It was Miss Wang that he sent the postcards to.

It is for you that I bought this dictionary.

强调时间状语

It is at ten that the train leaves.

It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.

It was not until 1972 that we began studying English.

I was after I entered the university that I came to know how to behave myself properly.

强调地点状语

It was here that (where) we met Mary.

It was in your room that I left my gloves.

【注意】如果被强调的是地点副词，除了用that外，还可以用where。如果被强调的是时间副词或短语(不带介词) ，除了用that外，还可以用when。如果被强调的地点或时间是介词短语，则不能用when 或where，只用that。例如：　　

It was yesterday that (when) he bought an English book in town.

It was last week that (when) we worked in the countryside.　　

It is here that (where) he must wait for her.　　

It was in this room that we had a heated discussion.

It is at ten o’clock that the meeting will take place.

强调原因状语

由because引导的原因状语从句或because of短语可以作为被强调的成分。例如：

It is because the book is so useful for my work that I have bought it.

It was because he was in great difficulty that I tried my best to help him.

I was because of the job that he had taken the flat.

但是，若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：

As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为强调句：

It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.

强调方式状语

It was just as he ordered that I acted.

It was by herself that she completed all the work.

It was with a stick that I managed to beat the dog off.

强调目的状语

It was for fun that he played the part of a clown.　　

It is in order to serve the people better in the future that we should study hard now.

强调表语

在系动词be后的表语不能作为被强调的成分。例如：

不可以说：It is a teacher that he is.

但可以说：It is a teacher that he has become.

强调宾语补足语

It was chairman that they elected him.

It was white that they painted the door.

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