英语作文中介词常见的错误解析

学生在写作中用错介词的情况主要有以下几类：

一是多用介词：多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。

二是漏用介词：漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响而用错等。

三是错用介词：错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当地用错。

请看以下具体实例：

误用：The only people with whom he could discuss about the plan were those who knew of it already.

正确：The only people with whom he could discuss the plan were those who knew of it already.

说明：由于 discuss 为及物动词，后接宾语时无需用任何介词，所以误用句中的 about 为多余的。

句意：可以同他一起讨论计划的最合适人选是那些对计划已经了解的人。

误用：If you mention about my name to the door-keeper he will let you in.

正确：If you mention my name to the door-keeper he will let you in.

说明：由于 mention 为及物动词，后接宾语时无需用任何介词，所以误用句中的 about 为多余的。

句意：你要是对看门人提我的名字，他会放你进去的。

误用：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewelry has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewelers. The thieves broke into the flat above sometime during Sunday night and entered into the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

正确：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewelry has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewelers. The thieves broke into the flat above sometime during Sunday night and entered the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

说明：enter 表示“进入”某个具体的地方时是及物动词，所以后接宾语时无需用任何介词，即误用句中的 about 为多余的。

句意：珠宝商店乔纳森•威尔德公司价值三万英镑的珠宝被盗。窃贼约在星期日夜间某时潜入楼上的一套房子，然后在商店的天花板上挖洞进入商店。

误用：She met and eventually married with a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

正确：She met and eventually married a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

说明：动词 marry 可以表示“与……结婚”，即其后直接跟“某人”，无需借助任何介词，即误用句中的 with 为多余的。

句意：她遇上了一名年龄比她小得多，并自称是法国航空公司飞行员的年青人，并最终与之成婚。实际上，他只是个租车公司的司机。

误用：Eventually she divorced with Stephen. It was a pity she had not done so earlier.

正确：Eventually she divorced Stephen. It was a pity she had not done so earlier.

说明：marry（结婚）与divorce（离婚）是一对反义词，比较而言，许多同学对marry的用法比较熟悉，而对divorce的用法则相对比较生疏，但事实上，两者在用法方面极为相似，大家可以将它们放在一起来学习，这样可以帮助大家利用相对熟悉的语言规律来理解相对生疏的语言规律——比如，两者均可用作不及物动词，但在口语或非正式文体中，若不跟宾语，通常用be [get] divorced和be [get] married 这样的结构来代替其不及物用法；要表示“与某人结婚或离婚”，英语应说marry sb或divorce sb，而不能按汉语意思说成marry with sb或divorce with sb；两者的过去分词（转化为形容词）后均可接介词to表示对象（注意均不能用介词with）；marry (divorce) 和 get married (divorced) 均为非延续性动词，通常不与一段时间连用，若要表示某人结婚（离婚）有多久，可用 be married (divorced)；等等。

句意：她最终还是和斯蒂芬离了婚。遗憾的是，她没有和他早点儿离婚。(R2)

误用：As we always tell prospective patients: if you want me to help you, you must be prepared to help yourself. Unbelievably this quickly eliminates about 40 percent of those who contact with us.

正确：As we always tell prospective patients: if you want me to help you, you must be prepared to help yourself. Unbelievably this quickly eliminates about 40 percent of those who contact us.

说明：用作动词的 contact 为及物动词，表示“与……联系”时，其后直接跟宾语，不用任何介词。注意不要汉语意思的影响和其名词用法的影响而在其后误加介词with。比较名词用例：He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并没有为我工作过，我和他没有那许多接触。

句意：正如我们总是告诉那些可能成为病人的人那样，如果你们想要我帮助你们，那么你们必须要准备好帮助你们自己。与我们联系过的人中有40%居然令人难以置信地没来看病了。

误用：I serve for my country much as you serve for yours.

正确：I serve my country much as you serve yours.

说明：serve 可以用作及物动词，表示“为……服务”时，其后无需用介词 for。

句意：就像你为自己的国家服务那样，我为我自己的国家服务。

误用：I think that it’s such an infringement of the sovereignty that we’ve fought for long and hard in this country over a great many of hundreds of years really.

正确：I think that it’s such an infringement of the sovereignty that we’ve fought for long and hard in this country over a great many hundreds of years really.

说明：与 a lot of, a great number of 等不同，a great many 后接名词时，不用介词。又如：In a great many detective stories when the police are baffled an amateur detective comes along and clears up the mystery. 在许多侦探小说中，当警察束手无策时，来了个业余侦探，把案子给破了。不过，值得注意的是，若其后接的是代词，或是名词前带有限定词，则要用a great many of。如：A great many of them couldn’t find work. 他们当中有许多人找不到工作。A great many of the trees were destroyed in the storm. 这次暴风雨毁了许多树。

句意：我认为这是对我们主权的侵犯，而为了主权我们在这个国家中真的艰苦卓绝地战斗了千百年。

误用：When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal.

正确：When you are cooking it’s best to clear up as you go, instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with.

说明：deal 表示“处理”“应对”“应付”等义时，是不及物动词，此时要后接介词 with。又如：How shall we deal with this matter? 这事我们怎么处理？I don’t know how to deal with him. 我不知怎样与他相处。

句意：烹调时，最好是边干边收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。

误用：Undeniably, political stability and human progress in the country depend greater economic success.

正确：Undeniably, political stability and human progress in the country depend on greater economic success.

说明：动词 depend 表示“依靠”时，不及物，要表示“依靠……”，应后接介词 on, upon。又如：Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。I haven’t got a car, so I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车，所以我得乘公共汽车。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。

句意：不可否认，国家政治的稳定和人的进步都依赖于更大的经济繁荣。

误用：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.

正确：He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.

说明：表示“继续做某事”，英语可用 go on with sth，注意其中的 with 不可省略。又如：Go on with the treatment. It is doing you good. 你要继续进行这种疗法。它对你是有效的。 The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。

误用：Sixty years ago Melville was almost forgotten；today he is regarded one of America’s great authors.

正确：Sixty years ago Melville was almost forgotten；today he is regarded as one of America’s great authors.

说明：表示“把……当作……”时，regard的常用句式是 regard…as…，其中的介词 as 不可省略。又如：He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是本城最好的医生。She regarded him as without principles. 她认为他没有原则。

句意：60年前，梅尔维尔几乎已被人忘记，而今天他却被认为是美国最伟大的作家之一。

误用：He insisted going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

正确：He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

说明：动词 insist 用作及物动词时，其后只接宾语从句，但不用于接名词、代词或动名词，遇此情况要用 insist on。又如：Since you insist on it, I will consider the matter again. 既然你坚持，这件事我将重新考虑。

句意：他坚持要回到工作岗位，不再住医院。

误用：We’re very much interested in the background of the people that we’re talking.

正确：We’re very much interested in the background of the people that we’re talking to.

说明：许多同学在写作时，由于对句子结构没有弄清楚，很容易漏掉英语句子末尾的介词。对于上面一句而言，由于 that we’re talking to 是修饰 people 的定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中用作介词 to 的宾语，其中的介词 to 不可省略。又如以下各句末尾的介词也不可省略：The idea that everyone should be required to vote by law is something I don’t agree with. 主张由法律规定每个人都要投票的意见是我所不能赞同的。The fridge isn’t working properly. I’m having it looked at. 电冰箱出了毛病，我在请人看呢。Her uncle and mother came two days ago, and she is being well taken care of. 她的舅父和母亲前两天来过，因此现在有人很好地照看着她。He is the man whose house the pictures were stolen from. 他就是那个家里藏画被盗的人。

句意：我们对我们正与之交谈的那些人的经历很感兴趣。

误用：He called at all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign the petition.

正确：He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign the petition.

说明：call at 通常后接地方，而call on 后面则通常接某人。如：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。

句意：他走访了这一地区的所有主妇，要求他们在请愿书上签名。

误用：Joy is engaged to a daring, very attractive young Air Force pilot.

改正：Joy is engaged with a daring, very attractive young Air Force pilot.

说明：表示“同某人订婚”，英语习惯上用 be engaged to sb，而不说 be engaged with sb。又如：He is engaged to a nurse. 他与一位护士订了婚。

句意：乔伊与一位勇敢的，富有吸引力的年轻空军飞行员订了婚。

误用：The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.

改正：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

说明：汉语说“太阳从东方升起”，但英语习惯上说 rise in the east。

句意：太阳从东方升起，至西方落下。

误用：Along with the introduction of advanced management techniques and under the help of Mr. Freeker, the hotel is steadily becoming one of the world’s first-class hotels.

改正：Along with the introduction of advanced management techniques and with the help of Mr. Freeker, the hotel is steadily becoming one of the world’s first-class hotels.

说明：汉语说“在……的帮助下”，英语要说 with the help of sb。又如：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。

句意：靠引进先进的管理技术和弗里克先生的帮助，这家饭店正稳步成为世界一流饭店。

误用：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.

改为：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.

说明：during 是介词，不是连词，其后可接名词或代词，但不可接句子。又如：During his stay in Paris, he lived with his friends. 他在巴黎期间，与他的朋友住在一起。

句意：他在日本期间，参观过许多地方。

误用：Nick was already nursing a grudge against her because what happened this morning. She did not want to give him any additional cause for grievance.

改为：Nick was already nursing a grudge against her because of what happened this morning. She did not want to give him any additional cause for grievance.

说明：许多同学在写作时只是机械地记住：because 是连词，后接句子，引导原因状语从句；而because of 是介词，后接名词或代词——这本来是完全正确的。但是，用作连词的 because 后只能接没有“引导词”的句子，而对于由 what 这类相当于名词的从句，其前应用 because of，而不是用 because。又如：He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。

句意：因为上午发生的事，尼克已经对她怀恨在心。她因此不想再给他增添不满的理由。

误用：I’ll try to get there on time tomorrow but, if I fail, wait me, please, I’ll sure arrive after a few minutes.

改为：I’ll try to get there on time tomorrow but, if I fail, wait for me, please, I’ll sure arrive after a few minutes.

说明：wait 表示“等”是不及物动词，要表示等某人，英语应说 wait for sb，而不是 wait sb。又如：While waiting for the water to boil he made another trip to the bedroom. 等水烧开的时候，他又去了一次寝室。

句意：明天我会设法准时到达那里，但是若是我没赶到，请等我一下，过了几分钟我一定会到。

误用：Profits increased £1.5m, despite the difficult economic conditions.

改为：Profits increased by £1.5m, despite the difficult economic conditions.

说明：表示增加了多少，通常应在increase后用介词by，又如：The real wage of the average worker has increased by a factor of over ten in the last 70 years. 近70年来工人的实际工资平均增长超过了10倍。但是，如是指增加了百多之多少，而可以省略介词by，如：Sales increased (by) thirty per cent compared to last year. 和去年相比销售量提高了30%。

句意：尽管经济形势不佳，利润还是增长了150万英镑。

如果想要咨询相关课程内容可以拨打免费电话：400-820-5040！或者直接访问查看我们相关课程详情页面：上海高中英语培训

• 下一篇：写好英语句子常用的方法（二）