形容词和副词的学习要点（三）

七、比较级和最高级的常见修饰语

1. 比较级的修饰语有：表示“稍稍”、“一点”意义的a bit, a little, rather, some, any 等；表示“…得多”的 much, far, a great / good deal, a lot, a good bit 等；表示“更加”意义的 still, even, yet 等；表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由 by 引出而置于比较级之后。如：

It is even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还冷。

He looks a bit happier now. 他现在显得高兴点儿了。

Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗?

He is two years younger than me. 他比我小两岁。

He is a head taller than his younger sister. 他比他妹妹高一头。

This bridge is 10 meters longer than that one. 这桥比那桥长10米。

This bridge is longer than that one by 10 meters. 这桥比那桥长10米。

注：在修饰或代替复数可数名词的 more 前不可用 much，而要用 many；除 quite better 外，quite, very, so 等不可修饰比较级。

2. 最高级前可用 the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the, nearly, almost, by no means 等修饰。

He is far more careful than I am. 他比我仔细得多。

This is much the most important. 这是最重要的。

Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。

This is quite far the most expensive bicycle in the shop. 这是这家商店里最最贵的自行车。

注：very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高级的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前的定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要放在定冠词之后)。

八、重要比较结构归纳

1. as…as。意为“与…一样”，在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。如：

He is as busy as before. 他还是像以前那样忙。

He isn’t as [so] old as he looks. 他不是看上去那么老。

2. more and more。意为“越来越”。如：

Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。

3. the more, the more。“越(是)…，越…”。如：

The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多，花的钱也越多。

4. more than 与less than。前者表示“多于”、“不只是”、“非常”等，后者表示“少于”、“不足”、“不太”、“毫不”。如：

We waited for more than three hours. 我们等了三个多小时。

She was more than kind to us. 她对我们很友好。

It cost less than ￡5. 它的价钱还不到5英镑。

The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子并不很高兴。

5. more …than 与 less…than。用于本义，前者指“比…多(更)”，后者指“比…少”；用于引申义，两者均可表示“与其…不如…”，但表达表式不同。如：

He was more frightened than hurt. = He was less hurt than frightened. 他与其说受了伤，不如说受了惊。

He is more an expert than a teacher. = He is less a teacher than an expert. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是专家。

6. no+比较级+than。该结构主要用于对两个待比较的对象进行否定，意为“与…一样不”，相当于该原级形容词或副词的反义词使用as…as结构的意思。如：

He is no cleverer than her. =He is as foolish as her. 他与她一样不聪明(即两人一样蠢)。

His English is no better than mine. =His English is as bad as mine. 他的英语同我的英语一样不好(即两人的英语一样差)。

注：由此可推知以下结构的意思：

(1) no more than的意思是“与…一样不多”、“只有”。如：

He has no more than two dictionaries. 他只有两本词典。

(2) no less than 的意思是“与…一样不少”、“多达”。如：

He made no less than￡500. 他赚了多达五百英镑的钱。

(3) no more…than的意思是 “同…一样不” (=neither ... nor) 。如：

He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家，也不是作家。

(4) no less…than 的意思是 “和…一样” 。如：

Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。

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