英语作文中代词常见的错误解析

英语中代词的形式很多，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等等。在使用方面，英语的代词与汉语的代词有诸多不同之处，比如汉语中的代词则没有主格和宾格之分，也没有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之别。此外，汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略的。所有这些都是中国学生在英语学习和英语写作中容易出错的地方。请看实例：

误用：I used to work in the garden every day but I lost my heart when all the plants died.

正确：I used to work in the garden every day but I lost heart when all the plants died.

说明：lose heart 与 lost one’s heart 只差一个物主代词，但意思完全不同，前者意为“灰心”，后者用于 lose one’s heart to sb 表示“倾心于或爱上某人。

句意：我以前每周都在花园里忙乎，但后来花草都死了，我也就灰心了。

误用：Mr. Watkins, a neighbor of me, never misses the opportunity to tell me the latest news.

正确：Mr. Watkins, a neighbor of mine, never misses the opportunity to tell me the latest news.

说明：英语中说“我的一个……”时，习惯上用a … of mine，而不是用 a … of me。又如：He’s a good friend of mine. He won’t hold it against us. 他是我的好朋友，他不会以此来反对我们。

句意：沃特金斯先生，我的一个邻居，从不放过向我讲述最新消息的机会。

误用：Mums and Dads do help his children. As far as I can see, I help my or at least I think I used to.

正确：Mums and Dads do help their children. As far as I can see, I help mine or at least I think I used to.

说明：由于第一句的主语是 Mums and Dads，为复数形式，所以其后相应的物主代词应用复数 their，而不是 his；第二句中的 my 为形容词性物主代词，不能单独使用，其后应修饰名词，或改为 mine，或改为 my children。

句意：爸爸、妈妈确实帮助自己的子女。就我所知是如此。我也帮助我的孩子，至少我认为我过去常常是这么做的。

误用：In her fright Rosetta seized Gabriel’s hand, he felt her plump, soft palm, and entwined his fingers with her. Gabriel’s hand was cold and rough and it pressed hard, harder all the time.

正确：In her fright Rosetta seized Gabriel’s hand, he felt her plump, soft palm, and entwined his fingers with hers. Gabriel’s hand was cold and rough and it pressed hard, harder all the time.

说明：句中的entwined his fingers with hers 是指将的手指和她的手指缠绕在一起，其中的 hers 相当于 her fingers，不能想当然地用形容词性物主代词 her。

句意：罗塞达在恐惧中抓住了加布雷尔的手，他接触到她那丰满的手心，把他的手指与她的捏在一起。加布雷尔的手冰凉而粗糙，越捏越紧。

误用：My son is the only one whom I would worry a lot about if my husband and me were to separate.

正确：My son is the only one whom I would worry a lot about if my husband and I were to separate.

说明：用作主语，要用人称代词的主格，而不是宾格。

句意：万一我丈夫和分手的话，我的儿子将是我唯一十分担心的人。

误用：He absented from school this morning. No one knows where he has gone.

正确：He absented himself from school this morning. No one knows where he has gone.

说明：absent 用作动词时，其后习惯上要接反身代词作宾语。

句意：他今天早晨缺席，没有到学校。谁也不知道他去哪里了。

误用：All right. So stand up on left leg and get right leg swinging round in a circular motion clockwise. All right that’s what you’ve got to do. And then while you’re doing that I want you to shake head. Okay so you’re standing on left leg swinging your right leg clockwise. Difficult, isn’t it?

正确：All right. So stand up on your left leg and get your right leg swinging round in a circular motion clockwise. All right that’s what you’ve got to do. And then while you’re doing that I want you to shake your head. Okay so you’re standing on your left leg swinging your right leg clockwise. Isn’t it difficult?

说明：汉语在许多情况下无需说“我的”“你的”等，但相应的英语中，有时物主代词是必不可少的。

句意：好的。那么你就左腿单立，右腿以顺时针方向打圈。对，就那么干，现在，在你做这些动作的同时，我要你再晃晃脑袋。好，现在你左腿单立，右腿顺时针方向打圈，怎么样，难吧？

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