语法填空题中常考的四类构词考点(一)
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英语的构词法有转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法等多种,最常用的只有转化法、派生法、合成法三种,但联系到高考英语的实战运用,其中最重要的可能是派生法。本文拟就派生法在高考英语语法填空中的考查重点作一归纳。 一、考查派生副词的用法 【真题再现】 1. The river was so polluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. (2014课标卷I) 2. And the passengers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another. (2014课标卷II) 3. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and ______ (soft). (2014辽宁卷) 【考点分析】英语有不少副词是通过在词根形容词后面加上后缀-ly派生来的,这是近年来高考英语语法填空的一个考查重点。以上三题的答案分别为actually, suddenly, softly。此处之所以要用副词形式,是因为它们均在句子中用作状语。 【即时训练】 1. I’m sure they won’t think ________ (bad) of you if you tell them you need some help. 2. She chattered away ________ (happy) until she noticed I wasn’t listening. 3. Calculators let you do calculations fast and ________ (accurate). 4. We were afraid he would be nervous on stage, but in the event he performed ________ (beautiful). 5. Sixty percent of voters said they would ________ (willing) pay higher taxes for better health care. 参考答案:1. badly 2. happily 3. accurately 4. beautifully 5. willingly 二、考查派生形容词的用法 【真题再现】 1. I cannot control my body well. My legs become ________ (pain). (2014辽宁卷) 2. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into ________ (differ) positions. (2014考纲样卷) 【考点分析】构成派生形容词的常见后缀有-ful, -less, -able, -ous, -ish, -al, -ive, -ent 等。到底该用什么后缀来构成形容词,不同的词根有不同的搭配要求,即使是同一词根有时也可以搭配多个后缀,但它们的意思并不相同,如pain既可以加后缀-ful构成形容词painful,也可以加后缀-less构成形容词painless,但两者的意思不同(前者表示“疼痛的”,后者表示“无痛的”)。本题根据句意,上面两句的答案分别为painful和different。 【即时训练】 1. Students gain ________ (use) knowledge by taking a computer course. 2. She wore a ________ (color) dress with red and orange flowers on it. 3. Thousands of people were killed and many more left ________ (home) by the earthquake. 4. I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question, and this made me feel ________ (fool). 5. The doctor finally got through to him that smoking was ________ (danger) for his health. 参考答案:1. useful 2. colorful 3. homeless 4. foolish 5. dangerous 如果想要咨询相关课程内容可以拨打免费电话:400-820-5040!或者直接访问查看我们相关课程详情页面:上海高中英语培训 |
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