怎么辨别是同位语还是定语（二）

三、广义上看，也可以理解为同位语

为了分析各类同位语的“变体”，《英语语法大全》在17.70节又列举了各不同类型组合的同位语：

                完全的（full）——每个成分都可省略

                部分的（partial）——只有一个成分可以省略

                严格的（strict）——相同的句法类

同位关系  微弱的（weak）——不同的句法类

                非限制性的（nonrestrictive）——不同的信息单位

                限制性的（restrictive）——相同的信息单位

同时该书举例如下：

(1) FULL, STRICT, NONRESTRICTIVE 完全、严格、非限制性的同位语。如：

Paul Jones, the distinguished art critic, died in his sleep last night.

(2) FULL, WEAK, NONRESTRICTIVE 完全、微弱、非限制性的同位语。如：

Playing football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

(3) FULL, STRICT, RESTRICTIVE 完全、严格、限制性的同位语。如：

My friend Anna was here last night.

(4) FULL, WEAK, RESTRICTIVE 完全、微弱、限制性的同位语。如：

The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl.

(5) PARTIAL, STRICT, NONRESTRICTIVE 部分、严格、非限制性的同位语。如：

An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics.

(6) PARTIAL, WEAK, NONRESTRICTIVE 部分、微弱、非限制性的同位语。如：

His explanation, that he couldn’t see the car, is unsatisfactory.

(7) PARTIAL, STRICT, RESTRICTIVE 部分、严格、限制性的同位语。如：

Next Saturday, financial expert Tom Timber will begin writing a weekly column on the national economy.

(8) PARTIAL, WEAK, RESTRICTIVE 部分、微弱、限制性的同位语。如：

His explanation that he couldn’t see the car was unconvincing.

我们现在来看看前面问题中的句子：China pledged on Monday to reform its laojiao system, the first sign of long-awaited progress after a senior official had promised to modify the controversial re-education-through-labor system

为便于表述，我们指定：

A=China pledged on Monday to reform its laojiao system

B=the first sign of long-awaited progress after a senior official had promised to modify the controversial re-education-through-labor system

对照以上说明，我们认为前面问题中的句子可视为“部分、微弱、非限制性”同位语，因为：

(1) 如果省略A，B不是一个可接受的句子；如果省略B，A是一个可接受的句子。也就是说，A和B中只能省略一个，故它属“部分同位语”。

(2) A和B当中，一个是句子，一个是名词短语，显然是“不相同的句法类”，故它属“微弱的同位语”。

(3) 至于限制性与非限制性，很显然它是非限制性。

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