名词性从句重点和难点解析（一）

一、名词性从句可用疑问句词序吗

No one knows ______ in a million years.

A. what man will look like                       B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what                       D. what look will man like

此题应选A。容易误选B。这里考察的主要是：名词性从句(宾语从句)的词序问题。名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等四类。不管是哪一类名词性从句, 其词序一律用陈述句词序, 而不能用疑问句词序。

1. They want to know _____ do to help us.

A. what can they       B. what they can

C. how they can        D. how they can

2. They have no idea at all _____.

A. where he has gone

B. where has he gone

C. which place he has gone

D. where did he go

3. The photographs will show you _____.

A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

4. Can you make sure ____ the gold ring?

A. where Alice had put

B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put

D. where has Alice put

答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C

二、引导名词从句的whether与that

______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If                        B. Whether              C. That                    D. When  

此题应选 B。容易误选A, C。

1. 关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句, 常可换用;但若引导主语从句, 则用wheter(不用if), 排除A。又如：

他是否会来还是个问题。

误：If he will come is a question.

正：Whether he will come is a question.

2. 关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句, 其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”, 由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that 引导主语从句时, 本身没有词义(that在其它名词性从句中也没有词义), 但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：

1. a. That we’ll hold a meeting is decided. 我们要召开一次会议, 这已决定了。

b. Whether we’ll hold a meeting is not decided. 我们是否要开一个会, 这还没有决定。

2. a. That he has left here is clear. 他已离开了这儿, 这点很清楚。

b. Whether he has left here is not clear. 他是否已离开这儿, 这还不清楚。

3. a. That he can finish it in two hours is clear. 他能在两小时内完成它, 这是显然的。

b. Whether he can finish it in two hours is a question. 他能否在两小时内完成它还是问题。

三、引导名词性从句的what

______ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.

A. What                   B. That                    C. If                        D. Whether

此题应选 A。选项C(if)显然不能选, 因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B(that)和D(whether) 虽然都可以引导主语从句, 但两者除了意思不合题意外, 还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分, 而此句中的 he said缺宾语。

在名词性从句中, what根据情况不同, 可能有两方面的用法和意思：

1. 用作连接代词, 表示“什么”(由疑问词变来)：

I don’t know what he gave her. 我不知道他给了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known tous. 他在会上将说些什么, 我们还不知道。

2. 表示“……所……的(东西)”, 在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句(所以有人称这样用的what 为关系代词型的what)：

把你买的东西拿给我看。

Show me what you bought.

→Show me the thing that you bought.

这是他想要的东西。

This is what he wants.

→This is the thing that he wants.

我们需要的是钱。

What we need is money.

→The thing that we need is money.

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