名词性从句重点和难点解析（二）

四、如何区分引导名词性从句的what / that

—I think ______ he needs is more practice.

—Yes. ______ he needs more practice is clear.

A. what, What         B. that, That            C. what, That           D. that, What

此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that 都可以引导名词性从句, 但有区别：

1. what引导名词从句时, 它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等), 而that引导名词从句时, 它在从句中不能充当句子成分。

2. what引导名词从句时, 它有词义(表示：什么;所……的[东西])；而that引导名词从句时, 它没有词义。

请做以下试题, 注意区别what和that：

1. ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

2. —I think ____ he said is true.

—But don’t forget the fact ____he is a cheat.

A. what, what           B. that, that

C. what, that             D. that, what

3. ____ surprised us most is ____he spoke English so well.

A. What, what           B. That, that

C. What, that             D. That, what

答案：1. C 2. C 3. C

五、whatever与no matter what

It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ her or she wants.

A. whatever             B. no matter what    C. whenever            D. no matter when

此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C, D显然是错的, 因为句中的wants缺宾语, 而C, D两项不能作宾语。至于C, D 的区别, 可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句, 而不引导名词性从句。而whatever 既可引导名词性从句(＝anything that), 也可引导状语从句(＝no matter what)：

1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever)：

无论他做什么都是对的。

正：Whatever he did was right.

误：No matter what he did was right.

无论他说什么似乎都有道理。

正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.

误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.

山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正：Goats eat whatever they find.

误：Goats eat no matter what they find.

2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)：

无论你说什么, 我都不会相信你。

正：Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.

正：No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.

无论发生什么, 都要保持镇定。

正：Keep calm, whatever happens.

正：Keep calm, no matter what happens.

六、whoever与no matter who

I will give the ticket to ______ wants it.

A. whoever              B. no matter who     C. whatever             D. no matter what

此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C, D都是错的, 因为从句意上看, “想要票的”应该是“人”(whoever)而不能是“东西”(whatever)。至于为什么选 whoever 而不选no matter who, 这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起：

no matter who通常只能引导状语从句, 而不能引导名词性从句。而 whoever 既可引导名词性从句(= anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who)：

1. 引导名词性从句(只用whoever)：

谁想去我就带谁去。

正：I’ll take whoever wants to go.

误：I’ll take no matter who wants to go.

谁赢了都可以获奖。

正：Whoever wins gets a prize.

误：No matter who wins gets a prize.

不管这话是谁对你说的, 他都是在撒谎。

正：Whoever told you that was lying.

误：No matter who told you that was lying.

2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)：

不管是谁打电话来, 都说我出去了。

正：Whoever phones, tell them I’m out.

正：No matter who phones, tell them I’m out.

不管是谁这样说, 那都是错的。

正：Whoever says so, it is wrong.

正：No matter who says so, it is wrong.

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