主谓一致重点和难点解析（一）

一、并列主语受every, each修饰, 谓语用单数还是复数

Every boy and girl ______ the film.

Each boy and girl ______ the film.

A. likes, likes          B. like, like             C. likes, like            D. like, likes

此题应选A。该题容易误选B, 认为主语部分含有 boy 和girl 两部分, 应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到 each, every, no等词修饰时, 其谓语通常要用单数：

Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。

Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。

Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。

Every man and (every) woman in the village knows

this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。

Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。

No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。

He listened carefully, but no sound and no voice was heard. 他仔细地听, 但是没听到一点声音。

二、each用作主语同位语, 谓语用单数还是复数

a. Each student ______ a dictionary.

b. The students each ______ a dictionary.

A. have, have           B. have, has             C, has, have             D. has, has

此题应选C。a句的谓语用单数, 这很显然。b句的谓语要用复数, 这点考生很容易出错。其实a, b两句的意思是一样的(＝每个学生都有一本字典), 但是注意：b句真正的主语是the students, 其后的each是主语的同位语, 由于谓语是与主语保持一致(而不是与其同位语保持一致), 所以此句要选 have。

请看以下例句：

We each have a computer. 我们每人都有一台电脑。

They each have read the book. 他们每个人都读过这本书。

The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。

My brother and I each have a car. 我和我兄弟每人都有一辆小汽车。

顺便说一句, 若用each of...作主语, 其谓语通常是用单数, 但在口语或非正式英语中也可用复数(不如用单数常见)：

Each of the boys was [were] deeply frightened. 男孩子们个个都惊恐万分。

Each of these books was [were] interesting. 这些书当中每一本都很有趣。

Each of the students has his [have their] own books. 每个学生都有自己的书。

三、谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致

We Chinese ______ a hard-working people.

A. is    B. are    C. is being    D. are being

此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致), 而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致), 本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。

注意以下类似例子：

These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。

The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。

The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。

The country’s leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。

The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。

但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能, 它的谓语到底用单数还是复数, 要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：

1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?

b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?

2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全正确。

b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他给我留下的只是几本旧书。

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