主谓一致重点和难点解析（三）

七、这类结构中谓语的数取决于形式还是意义

a. More than one boy ______ read the story.

b. More boys than one ______ read the story.

A. have, have           B. has, has               C. have, has             D. has, have

此题应选D。该题很容易误选A, 认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(＝多个), 那么其谓语就应该用复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时, 谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more than one用作主语时, 要注意以下两个结构：

a. “more than one+单数名词”用作主语, 其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)

b. “more+复数名词+than one”用作主语, 其谓语通常要用复数

也就是说, 以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。

不只一个学生受到惩罚。

正：More than one student was punished.

正：More students than one were punished.

类似以上用法的还有：

a. many a+单数名词(意为：许多), 用作主语, 谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)

b. many+复数名词(意为：许多), 用作主语, 谓语要用复数

也就是说, 以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。

很多小孩在那儿玩。

正：Many a child was playing there.

正：Many children were playing there.

八、the number of / a number of与主谓一致

The number of people invited to the party ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.

A. were, was            B. was, was              C. was, were            D. were, were

此题应选C。注意以下两个结构：

1. “the number of+复数名词”, 指数量的总和, 若用作主语, 其谓语用单数：

The number of people present was much greater than we expected. 到场人数大大超出我们的意料。

The number of students is 4000. 学生人数为4000。

2. “a number of+复数名词”, 意为“许多”(= a lot of), 若用作主语, 其谓语用复数：

A number of people were absent from the meeting. 许多人开会缺席。

A number of bottles were broken. 许多瓶子都被摔破了。

类似的有：

a. the variety of+复数名词 → 用作主语, 谓语用单数

b. a variety of+复数名词 → 用作主语, 谓语用复数

The variety of his books is astonishing. 他的藏书的品种多得令人吃惊。

The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的品种丰富。

A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各种各样的书。

九、the rest (of)等作主语, 谓语的数取决于什么

a. The rest of the boys ______ watching TV.

b. The rest of the money ______ stolen.

A. were, were           B. was, were             C. were, was            D. was, was

此题应选 C。all, most, some, half, percent, the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时, 若该名词为可数名词的复数形式, 则其谓语要用复数形式;若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式, 则其谓语要用单数形式：

1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。

b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。

c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。

2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。

b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。

c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半的钱用来买食物。

3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。

b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。

c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。

十、means何时是单数何时是复数

All possible means ______ been tired.

Every possible means ______ been tired.

A. have, have            B. has, has                C. have, has              D. has, have

此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形, 用作主语时, 其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：

1. 如果means与all, such, these, those等词连用, 则其含义应该是复数：

These means are very good. 这些方法很好。

Such means sound interesting, but in fact they’re impossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣, 但实际上是不可能的。

2. 如果means与a, such a, this, that, every等词连用, 则其含义应该是单数：

Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。

There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。

3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数, 则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：

做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?

正：Are there any other means of doing it?

正：Is there any other means of doing it?

没有好的方法。

正：There is no good means.

正：There are no good means.

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