虚拟语气重点和难点解析（三）

七、你知道I would rather后接从句时谓语用何形式吗

—Shall I open the window?

—I’d rather you ______.

A. can’t    B. won’t     C. didn’t    D. hadn’t

此题应选 C。关于would rather后从句谓语的形式, 注意以下几点：

1. 指现在或将来用一般过去时：

Don’t come today. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 你不要今天来, 我宁愿你明天来。

—Can I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?

—Oh, I’d rather you didn’t. 哦, 你最好别抽。

2. 指过去用过去完成时：

I’d rather I hadn’t met her at the party. 我真希望在晚会上没有见到她。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没有告诉我这事还好些。

在谈到过去的情况时, I’d rather与I wish, If only 的意思和用法很接近, 有时可换用：

当时我要是没有给他打电话就好了。

正：I’d rather I hadn’t telephoned him.

正：I wish I hadn’t telephoned him.

正：If only I hadn’t telephoned him.

有时 would rather 后的从句谓语也可用其它时态形式(比如在谈到现在情况时有时可用现在时态：I’d rather you go home now), 但是这些用法在现代英语中很少见, 建议考生在应试时要避免。

八、It’s time后的从句谓语用何形式

It’s time the child ______ to bed.

A. goes      B. going      C. went     D. to go

此题应选C。关于It’s time＋that从句, 注意以下几点：

1. 从句谓语通常用过去时态或should＋动词原形：

It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。

It is time that you left here. 你该离开这儿了。

It’s time you studied hard. 你该努力学习了。

有时也用should+动词原形或用过去进行时, 有时甚至将should省略(即只用动词原形, 为非正式的美国口语)：

我们该走了。

正：It is time we left. (常见)

正：It is time we should leave. (可用)

正：It is time we were leaving. (可用)

正：It is time we leave. (少见, 非正式美国口语)

2. 其它几点注意处：

(1) 其中的It is有时根据情况也可改为It was, 其后的时态不受影响：

你该上床睡觉了。

正：It is time you went to bed. (指现在而言)

正：It was time you went to bed. (指过去而言)

(2) time前可以用high, about等修饰。

It is high time you told her the truth. 你该把真相告诉她了。

It is about time that I wrote her a letter. 我该给她写封信了。

九、什么是含蓄虚拟语气

He studied hard, otherwise he ______ so hard a test.

A. didn’t pass           B. couldn’t pass

C. hadn’t passed      D. couldn’t have passed

此题应选D。其中的 otherwise 含蓄地暗示一种虚拟条件, 相当于if he hadn’t studied hard。

英语中用某种词汇或语法手段含蓄地暗示虚拟条件的方式比较多, 下面略举几例, 供考生参考：

With more money [If I had more money], I could do it better. 要是我有更多的钱, 我会做得更好。

But for his help [If it were not for his help], we couldn’t get over the difficulties. 要是没有他的帮助, 我们就无法克服这些困难。

I’m really busy, or [if I weren’t so busy] I would certainly go with you. 我确实太忙了, 要不然我一定跟你们一块儿去。

Meeting [If we had met] anywhere else, we couldn’t have recognized each other. 要是在别处见面, 我们俩彼此是不会认出来的。

To hear him speak English [If one were to hear him speak English], one would think him an Englishman. 你要是听他说英语, 一定会认为他是一个英国人。

An honest man would not say this. [If he were an honest man, he would not say this]. 一个诚实的人就不会说这样的话。

十、什么是错综时间虚拟语气

If you ______ the doctor’s advice, you ______ quite well now.

A. took, would be     B. had taken, had been C. should take, were     D. had taken, would be

此题应选D。从句意上看, 条件从句的谓语显然发生在过去, 而主句的谓语显然是现在, 也就是说从句表示的是与过去事实相反的假设(用过去完成时), 而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的假设(用would+动词原形)。英语中像这种主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。又如：

If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果现在还没有把一切准备好, 明天情况就糟了。

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 要是过去几年没有作艰苦努力, 现在的一切就不会进行得这样顺利了。

If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now. 你要是去年学习努力的话, 你现在就是大学生了。

If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. 如果过去天气好一些, 现在的庄稼还会长得更好。

If he were alive now, he might have grown into a handsome young person. 要是他现在还活着的话, 他会已长成一个英俊的小伙子了。

如果想要咨询相关课程内容可以拨打免费电话：400-820-5040！或者直接访问查看我们相关课程详情页面：上海高中英语培训

• 下一篇：状语从句重点和难点解析（三）