介词语法重点和难点解析（二）

三、shout at, shout to 的区别是什么

He was so angry that he shouted ____ everyone present.

A. at                        B. to                        C. for                       D. with

此题应选A。容易误选B。shout at sb / shout to sb 的区别可大致描述为：前者多指因为生气等而非善意地对某人吼叫, 后者多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见), 不带生气等感情因素。进一步归纳可得出：这类用法中的介词at表示目标或预定目的, 介词to 只是客观地表示一种方向。体会以下类似句子：

(1) a. The dog came at the boy. 狗向小男孩扑来。(意即咬人)

b. The dog came to the boy. 狗向小男孩走过来。(无咬人之意)

(2) a. All of them ran at me. 他们都向我扑来。(意即攻击我)

a. All of them ran to me. 他们都向我跑过来。(无攻击之意)

(3) a. He threw the ball at me. 他把球向我砸来。(意欲打我)

b. He threw the ball to me. 他把球抛给我。(无打人之意)

(4) a. He shouted at his wife. 他对他妻子吼叫。( 意在训人)

b. He shouted to his wife. 他朝他妻子大声喊叫。(无训人之意)

四、between 只能用于两者吗

____ sewing, cooking, and raising children, she was kept busy.

A. Between              B. Among                C. At                       D. On

此题很容易误选B, 因为题中涉及的是“三者”, 所以很容易联想到among, 其实此题应选A。

一般说来, between指两者, among指三者。但是在现代英语中, among表示三者(以上)的“在……中间”, 其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词：among the children 在孩子们中间 / among the crowd 在人群中

下列情况between可用于三者(且一般不用among换)：

1. 三者或三者以上的人或物用and连接时：

Swiss lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法、意、奥、德四国之间。

2. 对于三者或三者以上的人或物, 若要表示在每两者之间(即彼此之间)时：

Don't eat anything between meals. 在正餐之间不要吃零食。

3. 指事物间的区别或彼此间的关系时：

Do you know the difference between the three? 你知道这三者之间的区别吗?

4. 表示由于共同合作的结果时：

Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。

注：在divide, share等表示“分享”之类的动词之后若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词, 可用 between(也可用among)：He divided his money between [among] his sixchildren. 他把钱分给了6个儿子。

五、这个to是介词还是不定式符号

We are looking forward to ____ from Mary.

A. hear                    B. hearing                C. heard                  D. have heard

此题应选B。容易误选A，认为其前的to是不定式符号。

to有时是不定式符号, 有时是介词。用作介词时, 注意以下常见搭配：

look forward to 盼望

devote……to 致力于, 献身于

pay attention to 注意

stick to 坚持

be used to 习惯于(但used to表示过去经常, to为不定式符号；be used to 表示“被用来……”时, to 也是不定式符号)

on the way to 即将成为(但表示“在做某事的路上”时to是不定式符号)

1. He was devoted to _____ the poor.

A. help                      B. helping                  C. helped                  D. being helped

2. The weather was cold, but soon he got used to_____ there.

A. live                       B. living                    C. lived                     D. having lived

3. You should pay more attention to ______ with those who differ with you.

A. unite and work      B. uniting and working

C. unite and working  D. uniting and work

4. She was on her way to ______ her daughter.

A. see                       B. seeing                   C. saw                      D. have seen

5. He was on the way to ______ an engineer.

A. become                B. becoming              C. became                 D. be

答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B

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