如何区分such as和for example

一、两者的用法共同点

such as与for example均可用于表示举例，有时可互换。如：

Some sports, such as (=for example) motor racing, can be dangerous. 有些体育运动，比如赛车，有时是很危险的。

My wife likes social activities, such as (=for example) tennis and golf. 我妻子喜爱社交活动，如打网球和高尔夫球等。

二、两者的用法不同点

such as除表示举例外，还可表示诸如此类，意思是“像……这样的”“诸如……之类的”，此时不宜与for example互换（但可与表示诸如此类意思的like互换）。如：

Opportunities such as (=like) this did not come every day. 这样的机会不是天天都有的。

Avoid unhealthy foods such as (=like) hamburger and chips. 不要吃汉堡和薯条之类的不健康食品。

另外，such as有时可分开用，但for example不能分开用。如：

The disease attacks such animals as cats and dogs. 这种病只侵袭像猫狗一类的动物。(比较：The disease attacks animals such as cats and dogs.)

三、两者位置的不同点

such as用于举例时，总是跟在被说明的内容之后，不能独立成句，也不能用于句首或句末，其后也不能用逗号，但for example可以。如：

Each situation is different. For example, a man with a rich wife doesn’t have to work. 情况各有不同，例如，娶了有钱妻子的男人就不必工作。

You make too many mistakes—lots of spelling mistakes, for example. 你的错误太多——比如，有好多拼法错误。

即学即练

1. After talking about the job in general, we got down to the specifics, ________ the salary.

2. Carmakers use robots to do unpleasant jobs, ________ painting cars in hot conditions.

3. There is a real risk of injury in sports ________ climbing.

4. There are many big cities in Europe, ________, London, Paris and Rome.

5. ________, we are to have less clothes, coal and food even than we have had and less petrol than we expected.

6. I know many women who have a career and a family Alison ________.

7. Great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________.

8. Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There is the boy next door, ________.

参考答案

1. such as / for example   2. such as / for example   3. such as / like   4. for example   5. For example   6. for example   7. for example   8. for example

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